Question 1

Ketamine is being explored as a quick-acting ________ drug that blocks receptor sites for the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Accepted Answer

Ketamine has been found to have rapid antidepressant effects, often in as little as a few hours after administration. It functions by blocking the NMDA receptor, a receptor site for the neurotransmitter glutamate, which is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Ketamine is not typically used as an antipsychotic, antianxiety, or mood-stabilizing drug.

Question 2

In addition to their use in treating depression,antidepressant drugs are now being used to treat

Accepted Answer

Antidepressant drugs have been found to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are not typically used to treat auditory hallucinations, delusions of persecution, tardive dyskinesia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, or dissociative identity disorder.

Question 3

Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter,norepinephrine.These antidepressants are called

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants that block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and norepinephrine are called dual-action drugs. Antipsychotic drugs are used primarily to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, while mood-stabilizing drugs are used to treat bipolar disorder. ECTs (electroconvulsive therapy) is a treatment option for severe depression that does not respond to other treatments, but is not a type of medication.

Question 4

Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs are known to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine. They are commonly used to treat symptoms associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Antipsychotic drugs can help to reduce delusions, hallucinations, and other related symptoms by regulating the activity of dopamine in the brain.

Question 5

Sluggishness,tremors,and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease are most likely to be associated with the excessive use of certain ________ drugs.

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotic drugs have been known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), which include sluggishness, tremors, and twitches similar to those of Parkinson's disease. This is caused by the drugs' effects on the dopamine neurotransmitter system in the brain. While other drug classes may have side effects, they are not typically known for causing Parkinson-like symptoms.

Question 6

Jordan experiences delusions of persecution,and irrelevant sights or sounds consistently distract him from things that require his attention.Which of the following drugs is most likely to relieve these distressing symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Thorazine (chlorpromazine) is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to treat symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions of persecution and hallucinations. It is also has a sedative effect, which can help to reduce distractibility and improve attention. Ativan (lorazepam) is a benzodiazepine medication that is typically used to treat anxiety or as a sedative, but would not be the first choice for treating psychosis. Depakote (valproic acid) is a mood stabilizer that is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder or seizures, and would not be effective in treating psychosis. Zoloft (sertraline) is an antidepressant medication that is not indicated for the treatment of psychosis.

Question 7

Compared with first-generation antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine,newer-generation antipsychotic drugs such as risperidone and olanzapine have ________ side effects and work best for those with _______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Newer-generation antipsychotic drugs have fewer side effects than first-generation antipsychotic drugs. They are also more effective for treating severe symptoms of schizophrenia. Therefore, the best choice is D - fewer; severe.

Question 8

Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications and is characterized by involuntary muscle movements, such as facial twitches, tongue protrusion, and chewing movements. It is not associated with obsessions, panic attacks, or auditory hallucinations.

Question 9

After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug,Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping.Angela was experiencing symptoms of

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping after discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of withdrawal. This is a common side effect of abruptly stopping use of certain medications, especially those with addictive properties such as benzodiazepines.

Question 10

An antianxiety drug has been found to help relieve the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Antianxiety drugs such as benzodiazepines have been shown to be effective in treating the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by reducing anxiety and calming the overactive brain regions responsible for obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. They are not typically used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or antisocial personality disorder.

Question 11

Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs.

Accepted Answer

Xanax and Ativan are benzodiazepines, which are primarily used as antianxiety drugs. They work by enhancing the action of a chemical messenger in the brain that reduces the activity of neurons that cause anxiety.

Question 12

One good alternative to antidepressant drugs is

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise has been shown to have positive effects on mental health and can be a natural alternative to antidepressant drugs. It increases the production of endorphins which can improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Lobotomy and Thorazine are not recommended alternatives as they involve invasive procedures and potentially harmful medications. Exposure therapy may be a helpful treatment for anxiety disorders, but it is not necessarily a direct alternative to antidepressant drugs.

Question 13

Prozac is an antidepressant drug that partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of ________ from synapses.

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), meaning it selectively blocks the reabsorption of the neurotransmitter serotonin from synapses in the brain. This increases the levels of serotonin in the brain, which helps to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Prozac does not affect the reabsorption of dopamine or other neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine or chlorpromazine.

Question 14

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental health conditions. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, in the brain. SSRIs are not typically used to treat tardive dyskinesia, schizophrenia, or mania.

Question 15

Several widely used antidepressant drugs are most often called ________ because they are used in treating disorders other than depression-from anxiety to strokes.

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used antidepressant drugs that are also used in treating disorders other than depression such as anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, among others. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can improve mood and alleviate symptoms of these various disorders. Placebos are inert substances used in research studies as a control group, mood-stabilizing medications are a different class of drugs used to treat mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, and norepinephrine blockers are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

Question 16

Antianxiety drugs are most likely to be used in combination with exposure therapy to treat

Accepted Answer

Antianxiety drugs are often used in combination with exposure therapy to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exposing the patient to traumatic memories or situations can cause intense anxiety and panic, which can be alleviated with the use of antianxiety medication. However, medication alone is not enough to treat PTSD - exposure therapy is also needed to help the patient overcome their fear and anxiety related to the traumatic event.

Question 17

Xanax would most likely be prescribed in order to help

Accepted Answer

Xanax is commonly prescribed to help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and nervousness, such as those experienced by Jerome. It is not typically prescribed for delusional thinking or suicidal ideation (options A and B), nor is it used to help someone quit smoking (option D).

Question 18

One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote

Accepted Answer

Studies have suggested that antidepressants like SSRIs increase the availability of serotonin, which in turn promotes neurogenesis, or the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus. This process takes time, which may explain the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs.

Question 19

Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder, which is often associated with the long-term use of drugs that block dopamine receptors in the brain. This condition commonly occurs in patients who have been using antipsychotic medications for extended periods.

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Prozac?

Accepted Answer

Prozac is an antidepressant medication and is most effective for treating symptoms of depression, such as feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness or helplessness. Therefore, Shannon, who feels helpless and apathetic and thinks her life is meaningless and worthless, is the individual most likely to benefit from Prozac.

Quiz 15: Therapy