Question 1

After the participants in the Milgram obedience studies were informed of the deception and the real intent of the study,virtually none of them regretted taking part in the study.The lack of regret was most likely because of their reduced

Accepted Answer

The participants' lack of regret can be attributed to their reduced cognitive dissonance, as they may have rationalized their behavior by believing that they were acting in the interest of science or that the experimenter bore ultimate responsibility for any harm done.

Question 2

In Milgram's obedience experiments,"teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when

Accepted Answer

The "teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when the "learner" was placed in a different room, as this physical separation made it easier to ignore the learner's discomfort and continue obeying the experimenter's commands.

Question 3

In the Milgram experiments,the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was ________ the experimenter and ________ the "learner."

Accepted Answer

The Milgram experiments found that the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was physically close to the experimenter and far away from the "learner." This result suggests that proximity to the authority figure played a significant role in the level of obedience observed in the participants.

Question 4

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort when working in a group towards a common goal. They may feel that their individual efforts are less important or that they can rely on others in the group to compensate for their lack of effort. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in larger groups where individual effort is less easily noticed.

Question 5

The impact of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is most clearly illustrated by

Accepted Answer

The destructive obedience of participants in the Milgram experiments is the best illustration of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. The experiment showed that people are more likely to comply with increasingly extreme requests if they have previously complied with small, seemingly innocuous requests. This phenomenon is known as the foot-in-the-door technique. Participants in the Milgram experiments started with small electric shocks for incorrect answers and gradually moved to larger shocks, eventually administering what they believed to be lethal shocks to a person in another room.

Question 6

In Milgram's obedience experiments,"teachers" exhibited a somewhat lower level of compliance with an experimenter's orders when

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Milgram's obedience experiments,"teachers" exhibited a somewhat...

Question 7

Tyree is a skilled cyclist.When practicing on a stationary bike,his coach finds that when the women's cycling team enters the gym,his speed seems to increase significantly.Tyree's increase in speed illustrates

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on a task. In Tyree's case, the presence of the women's cycling team may be leading to social facilitation, resulting in an increase in his speed.

Question 8

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone.When four people watched them,they made 80 percent of their shots.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-learned tasks. In this case, the expert pool players performed better when observed by four people, which suggests that the presence of others facilitated their performance.

Question 9

In 1942,German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow,Poland.This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when

Accepted Answer

The obedience of the German reserve police officers in Jozefow was largely due to their perception that their orders came from a legitimate authority figure - in this case, the Nazi regime. This illustrates the power of authority in inducing destructive obedience, even when the actions themselves are morally wrong.

Question 10

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room.This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on a task. In this case, the densely packed room acts as an audience and their presence may enhance the comedian's performance, making the routine seem funnier than it actually is.

Question 11

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the

Accepted Answer

The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Many participants experienced emotional distress and ethical concerns were raised about the psychological harm inflicted on them.

Question 12

Professional athletes perform better before a friendly audience than when alone.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is social facilitation, which refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, especially when those others are seen as friendly or supportive. This effect can be seen in professional athletes, as they may feel more motivated or energized by the cheering of a friendly crowd, which can result in improved performance. Group polarization, conformity, and social loafing are all different social psychological phenomena that are not directly related to the effect described in the question.

Question 13

Those who assert their freedom by refusing to yield to conformity pressures best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Personal control refers to the extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them. Those who assert their freedom by refusing to yield to conformity pressures demonstrate a high sense of personal control as they are making a deliberate choice to go against the norm and assert their independence.

Question 14

The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can sometimes lead to a high level of arousal, which can actually inhibit correct performance of difficult tasks due to increased anxiety and distraction. This phenomenon is known as social inhibition, which is the opposite of social facilitation.

Question 15

To study social facilitation,Norman Triplett observed adolescents while they were

Accepted Answer

The answer of To study social facilitation,Norman Triplett observed adolescents...

Question 16

Dr.Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority.She will set up a learning laboratory and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers given by a confederate of the researcher.How can Dr.Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Yen is designing an experiment on obedience...

Question 17

On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be most likely to lead to improved performance?

Accepted Answer

The presence of others tends to improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks due to social facilitation. Counting backward from 10 to 1 is a simple task that most people are familiar with, so performance on this task is likely to be improved in the presence of others. Tasks like reciting months in alphabetical order, learning foreign language words, or learning nonsense syllables are more complex and not well-learned, so the presence of others might not improve performance on these tasks.

Question 18

Social facilitation refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation is the tendency for individuals to perform better on well-learned tasks when in the presence of others. This can be attributed to a combination of increased alertness and arousal in the presence of an audience.

Question 19

When a task is relatively simple or well-rehearsed,the presence of other people tends to enhance individual performance,a pattern called

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation is a phenomenon where the presence of others leads to an enhancement of an individual's performance on a task, particularly when the task is relatively simple or well-rehearsed. This is due to an increase in arousal or motivation when performing in the presence of others. Social facilitation is distinct from social loafing, where the presence of others leads to a decrease in individual performance, and groupthink, where a group's desire for harmony or conformity overrides its ability to make rational decisions. Deindividuation pertains to a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint often experienced in group situations, leading to a decrease in individual responsibility and morality.

Question 20

According to Milgram,the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study showed that even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become obedient agents of destruction under certain circumstances.

Quiz 12: Social Psychology