Question 1

When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk,he prepared to offer help.But when he noticed several adults walk past the man,he concluded that the man did not need any help.His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

Accepted Answer

Jamilah's behavior exemplifies the bystander effect, which occurs when individuals fail to help someone in distress because they assume others will take action or because they believe the situation is ambiguous and uncertain. In this case, seeing several adults walk past the man may have led Jamilah to believe that the situation was not serious or that others had already offered assistance.

Question 2

Darley and Latané observed that most university students failed to help a person having an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency.The students' failure to help is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The students' failure to help can be explained by the diffusion of responsibility, which suggests that people are less likely to take action in emergency situations when they believe others are present who could also take action. The presence of multiple witnesses may lead individuals to believe that someone else will take responsibility for helping, decreasing their own sense of responsibility to act.

Question 3

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as

Accepted Answer

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as companionate love. Altruism refers to selfless concern for the welfare of others. Self-disclosure refers to revealing personal information to others. The mere exposure effect refers to the phenomenon that people tend to develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them.

Question 4

Observers' responses to the tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment best illustrated

Accepted Answer

The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment is best known for highlighting the bystander effect, which refers to the phenomenon of individuals being less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present.

Question 5

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

The scenario suggests that Natasha and Dimitri are able to confide in each other, indicating a high level of self-disclosure. This level of openness and vulnerability is essential for building intimacy and a fulfilling marriage.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of non-Western cultures,as compared with Western cultures? They have

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that non-Western cultures tend to have lower divorce rates and place less emphasis on passionate love as a necessary component of marriage, instead prioritizing practical considerations such as social status and familial obligations.

Question 7

Dr.Alvarez spent his whole working life selflessly helping the sick and poor in some of the poorest countries in the world.This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

Altruism refers to the selfless concern for others' well-being and actions taken to benefit others without expecting any reward or benefit in return. Dr. Alvarez's actions of helping the sick and poor in poor countries demonstrate altruism as he devoted his entire working life to serving others without expecting any personal gain or reward.

Question 8

Behaving with unselfish concern for the welfare of others is called

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the term used to describe the behavior that involves unselfish concern for the welfare of others. Social exchange theory is a theory that explains how people make decisions based on the benefits and costs of their actions in social relationships. Passionate love and companionate love are both types of romantic love, but they are not related to unselfish concern for others.

Question 9

Ellie is unusually attractive and intelligent,and she works hard to please her husband.He displays little affection for her,however,and spends most of the family's resources on his own interests.Ellie's relationship with her husband is best characterized as

Accepted Answer

Ellie's relationship with her husband is characterized as inequitable because despite her efforts to please him and her attractiveness and intelligence, he shows little affection towards her and spends most of the family's resources on his own interests, indicating an imbalance in the relationship.

Question 10

Hannah and Deshaun are both pediatric surgeons and have just performed a particularly difficult operation on a young child.Afterward,they both feel a high level of physical arousal,which they interpret as physical attraction and romantic feelings for each other.Hannah and Deshaun are experiencing

Accepted Answer

Hannah and Deshaun's high level of physical arousal and interpretation of it as romantic feelings are indicative of passionate love, which is characterized by intense emotions, strong physical attraction, and a sense of infatuation. Altruism, self-disclosure, and companionate love are not applicable in this situation.

Question 11

Casandra,who is attractive and likable,has just telephoned Mike and asked him for a date.According to the two-factor theory of emotion,Mike is likely to experience the most intense romantic feelings for Casandra during their phone conversation if he has just

Accepted Answer

The answer of Casandra,who is attractive and likable,has just telephoned...

Question 12

In one famous experiment,a group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River.This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to

Accepted Answer

The experiment, conducted by Dutton and Aron, was designed to study the effects of arousal on attraction, specifically how physiological arousal can be misattributed to feelings of passionate love.

Question 13

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York,people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community.This behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Altruism is the unselfish concern for the welfare of others. In this scenario, people donated their time and money to help the community that was devastated by the 9/11 terrorist attack. This behavior is an example of altruism because individuals were not expecting any personal benefit or reward for their actions; rather, they acted solely out of concern for others who were in need. Social exchange theory, bystander effect and equity are not applicable in this scenario as they do not fully capture the unselfish nature of the behavior observed.

Question 14

Cora and Hector have been married for 30 years.They have a deep commitment to the marriage and to each other.They both give and receive equitably within their marriage and depend on and trust each other.Cora and Hector's marriage illustrates

Accepted Answer

Cora and Hector's marriage illustrates companionate love because they have a deep commitment to the marriage and to each other, give and receive equitably, and depend on and trust each other. Companionate love is a type of love that is characterized by warmth, affection, mutual trust, and commitment.

Question 15

Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages.This best illustrates the perceived value of

Accepted Answer

The concept of equity, or a balance of give-and-take in a relationship, is highlighted by the idea that sharing household chores is important for a successful marriage. Couples who believe in fairness and equality are likely to promote a healthier and happier relationship.

Question 16

Which statement about passionate love is true?

Accepted Answer

Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions and sexual attraction, which typically peaks quickly early in a relationship before gradually fading over time.

Question 17

Three keys to an enduring companionate love include

Accepted Answer

Equity, self-disclosure, and positive support are the three keys to an enduring companionate love. Equity refers to the idea that both partners feel that they are contributing equally to the relationship. Self-disclosure involves sharing personal thoughts and feelings with one another, which fosters a deeper emotional connection. Positive support involves offering encouragement, comfort, and understanding to one another during both good times and bad. These three factors have been found to be crucial in maintaining long-term, satisfying relationships.

Question 18

According to Darley and Latané,the decision-making process necessary for bystander intervention in an emergency situation requires

Accepted Answer

Darley and Latané's theory of bystander intervention outlines three key steps: noticing an incident, interpreting the incident as an emergency, and assuming responsibility for helping. These three steps are necessary for a bystander to intervene in an emergency situation. While the other options may be relevant to understanding bystander behavior, they are not part of Darley and Latané's decision-making process for intervention.

Question 19

Oxytocin is a hormone that has been found to promote feelings of

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin has been found to promote trust, bonding, and social connection. It is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone" because of its role in facilitating strong emotional bonds between individuals.

Question 20

Roberto won $5 million in the lottery.He secretly gave $2 million to a homeless shelter without anyone knowing who gave the money.Roberto's behavior can be described as

Accepted Answer

Altruism refers to a selfless concern for the welfare of others, even at a personal cost. Roberto's behavior of donating $2 million to a homeless shelter without seeking any recognition or personal gain can be described as altruistic.

Quiz 12: Social Psychology