Question 1

The polygraph measures the changes in ________ that accompany emotion.

Accepted Answer

The polygraph machine measures changes in perspiration that occur when someone experiences emotional arousal. This is why it is often referred to as a "lie detector" test, as the test is designed to detect physiological reactions that may occur when someone is not telling the truth. The machine also measures changes in other physiological responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure. However, perspiration is the most commonly measured response.

Question 2

In which country are people most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings?

Accepted Answer

People in Australia are known for being expressive and more likely to show visible facial expressions of their inner feelings compared to other countries mentioned. This may be attributed to the cultural norms of the country which prioritize openness and honesty in communication.

Question 3

According to Carroll Izard,which of the following is considered a basic emotion?

Accepted Answer

Carroll Izard's theory of basic emotions includes 10 primary emotions, one of which is anger. Love, empathy, and pride are not considered basic emotions in this theory.

Question 4

Jose is trying to lose 100 pounds.He has greatly restricted his caloric intake but has lost only about 6 percent of his desired goal.Jose's limited weight loss is due,at least in part,to the fact that his dietary restriction led to a(n):

Accepted Answer

When Jose has greatly restricted his caloric intake, his body's metabolism slows down in order to conserve energy. This means that he burns fewer calories overall and his weight loss is slowed down as a result. This is the reason why his limited weight loss is due, at least in part, to a decrease in his metabolic rate.

Question 5

If people wrinkle their noses in disgust when presented with a strange-looking food,they are likely to experience an increasingly intense emotional aversion to the food.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback effect refers to how our facial expressions can influence our emotional experiences. In this scenario, the wrinkled noses of the individuals signal disgust, which can intensify their emotional aversion to the food.

Question 6

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:

Accepted Answer

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system typically leads to a decrease in salivation (dry mouth) and an increase in blood pressure. This response is part of the body's fight or flight response, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat or challenge. Therefore, choice D (decreases salivation and increases blood pressure) is the best answer.

Question 7

A complex,unlearned,and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called:

Accepted Answer

An instinct is a complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species. Homeostasis refers to the body's internal balance and drive refers to a need or desire that motivates behavior. Incentive refers to an external stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 8

When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger,________ children were much quicker than other children to see anger.

Accepted Answer

Children who have been physically abused tend to have heightened sensitivity to anger, making them quicker to perceive anger in ambiguous facial expressions.

Question 9

Motivation is defined by psychologists as:

Accepted Answer

Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. Option A is partially correct but does not include the aspect of direction and energy. Option B is incorrect as motivation is not always rigidly patterned behavior. Option D is also incorrect since motivation is not the cause of behavior, but rather the energizing force behind it.

Question 10

Which theory fails to account for the many human behaviors motivated by physiological needs and psychological wants?

Accepted Answer

The instinct theory fails to account for the many human behaviors motivated by physiological needs and psychological wants. This theory suggests that certain behaviors are innate and genetically determined, ignoring the influence of learning and environmental factors. The other three theories (drive-reduction theory, homeostasis theory, arousal theory) all take into account the role of physiological and psychological factors in motivating behavior.

Question 11

An instinctive behavior is one that is:

Accepted Answer

An instinctive behavior is unlearned and is genetically programmed into an organism.

Question 12

The _____ theory of emotion states that emotions arise from the perception and interpretation of bodily changes.

Accepted Answer

According to James-Lange theory, emotions result from the perception of physiological changes in response to a stimulus. This means that we first experience a bodily reaction to an event, and then we interpret that reaction as an emotional response such as fear, anger, or happiness. For example, instead of seeing a bear and then feeling afraid, we first experience physical sensations like increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling. Then we interpret these bodily changes and identify the emotion as fear.

Question 13

Some emotional responses to visual stimuli appear to involve no deliberate thinking.These emotional responses are said to follow a low road that bypasses the:

Accepted Answer

The low road bypasses the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for deliberate thinking and processing of visual information. Instead, emotional responses go directly through the amygdala, which is responsible for emotional processing. Therefore, choices A and B are incorrect, as they both involve the amygdala. Choice D is also incorrect, as the optic nerve is involved in transmitting visual information to the brain, but is not directly related to emotional processing.

Question 14

Psychologists have used four perspectives in their efforts to explain motivation.These include an emphasis on instincts,optimum arousal,a hierarchy of motives,and

Accepted Answer

The three perspectives listed (instincts, optimum arousal, and hierarchy of motives) are all related to the concept of drive reduction, which suggests that motivation arises from the need to satisfy physiological needs or drives (such as hunger, thirst, or sex) and return to a state of homeostasis. Therefore, the best choice is A) drive reduction.

Question 15

We find it especially difficult to detect from other people's facial expressions whether they are:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people are generally not very good at detecting lies through facial expressions. Fear, anger, and disgust are relatively easy to identify, especially when compared to recognizing a lie.

Question 16

If a gender-neutral face is made to look angry,most people perceive it as ________.If asked to imagine an angry face,most identify it as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a gender-neutral face is made to...

Question 17

The instantaneous and automatic fear response we experience when unexpectedly stumbling upon a snake illustrates the importance of the:

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions, including fear. It is activated in response to stimuli that are perceived as threatening, such as a snake.

Question 18

Mr.Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children.He obviously believes that aggression is a(n):

Accepted Answer

Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior, which suggests that it is innate and automatic. This aligns with the definition of an instinct, which is a natural, automatic behavior that is present in all members of a species. Therefore, the best choice is C, instinct.

Question 19

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate.This behavior is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Hibernation in bears is an innate and involuntary behavior that is part of their genetic makeup and is therefore an example of an instinct.

Question 20

When Mr.Morgan misinterpreted his harmless symptoms of autonomic nervous system arousal as indicative of an impending heart attack,he suffered an unusually intense level of fear.His emotional suffering is best understood in terms of the:

Accepted Answer

Mr. Morgan's experience is best explained by the two-factor theory, which suggests that emotions are based on physiological arousal and the cognitive labeling of that arousal. In this case, Mr. Morgan misinterpreted his physiological symptoms (arousal) as a sign of a heart attack and thus experienced intense fear, illustrating the cognitive aspect of this theory.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion