Question 1

According to evolutionary psychology,men's tendency to pair widely and women's tendency to pair wisely are best explained by the fact that these different strategies have contributed to men's and women's

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology posits that humans have evolved certain behaviors and tendencies to increase their reproductive success. Men's tendency to pair widely (ie. have multiple sexual partners) can increase their chances of passing on their genes to more offspring. Meanwhile, women's tendency to pair wisely (ie. select long-term, reliable partners) can increase their chances of having offspring that survive and thrive. Therefore, these different strategies are best explained by their contributions to reproductive success.

Question 2

In considering gender differences,you should remember that

Accepted Answer

While there are certainly some differences between men and women, research has shown that these differences are often exaggerated or overstated, and that there are generally many more similarities than differences between the genders. Additionally, gender roles and expectations vary greatly across different cultures, which makes it difficult to generalize about gender differences in behavior. Finally, while genetics may play a role in shaping some gender differences, it is not the only factor at play, and social and cultural factors likely have a much greater impact.

Question 3

Sex is to ________ characteristics as gender is to ________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to a person's biological and physiological characteristics such as reproductive organs and hormones, whereas gender refers to socially and culturally constructed roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female. Gender is influenced by multiple factors including socialization, culture, and environment, whereas sex is largely determined by biology. Therefore, C is the best choice as it reflects the difference between the two terms in terms of their influences.

Question 4

Social learning theory is most likely to highlight the importance of ________ in accounting for the ways in which we sexually interact with others.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory emphasizes that behavior is learned through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. Social scripts are specific patterns of behavior that are learned through observation of others and may influence sexual interactions with others. Refractory periods and prolactin are physiological factors that may impact sexual behavior but are not as relevant to social learning theory. The older-brother effect may influence sexual preferences but is not directly related to sexual interactions with others.

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women?

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the socially influenced characteristics by which people define men and women, including attributes such as assertiveness, nurturing, and dressing in gender-specific ways. Schemas refer to mental frameworks that organize and interpret information. Sexual orientation refers to a person's enduring pattern of romantic and/or sexual attractions to men, women, both genders, or neither gender. The Y chromosome is a chromosome that is present only in male individuals and contains genes that determine male sex characteristics.

Question 6

Unlike the concept of gender,the definition of people's sex is based only on

Accepted Answer

Sex is determined by biological traits such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs, whereas gender refers to the social and cultural roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female.

Question 7

Men and women are most likely to differ in their levels of

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that men are more likely to engage in violent crime than women, with men accounting for over 80% of all arrests for violent offenses in the United States. Differences in happiness, intelligence, and creativity between men and women are much more nuanced and not as consistently studied or agreed upon in the research.

Question 8

Women,more than men,prefer to alternate periods of frequent sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity.This best illustrates a gender difference in

Accepted Answer

Erotic plasticity refers to a person's ability to alter their sexual desires and behaviors based on cultural and situational factors. Women have been shown to have higher levels of erotic plasticity than men, which enables them to more easily switch between periods of sexual activity and abstinence.

Question 9

Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship constitutes

Accepted Answer

Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm a person's social standing or relationship is called relational aggression. Solitary confinement refers to being isolated from others, androgyny refers to the combination of both masculine and feminine characteristics, and spermarche is the beginning of sperm production in males. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 10

Which of the following would you MOST likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries?

Accepted Answer

While it is possible that A, B, or D could be observed in certain countries or cultures, they are not universal standards. However, it is more likely that one would observe C, as unfortunately the prevalence of male aggression and violence in many societies is still higher than that of women.

Question 11

In laboratory experiments,men have been found to be ________ willing than women to blast people with what they believed was intense and prolonged noise.Outside the laboratory they have been found to be ________ willing than women to support war.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In laboratory experiments,men have been found to...

Question 12

Alex and Shauna are brother and sister and are both college students.Research on gender differences would lead one to anticipate that Alex is ________ likely to detect faint odors and ________ likely to smile frequently than his sister Shauna.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alex and Shauna are brother and sister...

Question 13

________ is an enduring sexual attraction toward members of one's own sex,the other sex,or both sexes.

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation refers to an individual's enduring sexual, romantic, and/or emotional attraction to members of their own sex, the other sex, or both sexes. Sexual dysfunction refers to a difficulty in one's sexual functioning, while paraphilia refers to atypical sexual interests. Homosexuality specifically refers to an enduring sexual attraction to individuals of the same sex, and is a subset of sexual orientation.

Question 14

Glenda has spread false rumors about a classmate in order to ruin his reputation.Her behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Relational aggression involves using social manipulation and damaging social connections to harm others, such as spreading false rumors. Gender typing refers to the process of acquiring gender roles and characteristics, androgyny refers to the possession of both masculine and feminine traits, and secondary sex characteristics are physical features that distinguish males and females, none of which are directly related to Glenda's behavior.

Question 15

The fraternal birth-order effect refers to a factor associated with

Accepted Answer

The fraternal birth-order effect refers to the finding that the more older brothers a man has, the greater the likelihood they will identify as gay or bisexual. This effect does not relate to pedophilia, sexual dysfunction or erectile disorder.

Question 16

Aggression is defined in psychology as

Accepted Answer

Aggression is traditionally defined as physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. This includes both physical acts of violence as well as verbal insults or threats. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 17

Which of the following terms refers to the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female?

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to the biological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs and chromosomes. Gender, on the other hand, refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with being male or female. Transgender refers to individuals whose gender identity does not match their sex assigned at birth, and androgyny refers to having both masculine and feminine characteristics regardless of one's gender identity.

Question 18

Compared with males,females experience a greater risk of

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that females are more likely to develop eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The prevalence of these disorders is much higher among females than males.

Question 19

Men and women can achieve orgasm alone.Yet most people experience a greater surge in ________,the hormone associated with sexual satiety,after intercourse and orgasm with their loved one.

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the hormone associated with sexual satiety that is released after orgasm, particularly during intercourse with a partner. Estrogen is a female hormone, serotonin is a neurotransmitter associated with mood regulation, and epinephrine is a hormone associated with the fight or flight response.

Question 20

Compared with the difference in self-esteem between the average female and the average male,the variation in self-esteem among individual males is ________ and the variations in self-esteem among individual females is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with the difference in self-esteem between...

Quiz 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality