Question 1

Emily passes up the small pleasure of eating a high-calorie dessert for the greater satisfaction of achieving her weight-reduction goals in the upcoming month.Emily best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Emily is choosing to delay the gratification of eating the high-calorie dessert in order to achieve a greater goal in the future, which is weight reduction. This is an example of delay of gratification, where an individual chooses to forego immediate satisfaction for a greater reward in the future.

Question 2

Parents should not take too much blame for the failures and shortcomings of their children because

Accepted Answer

Parental behavior is only one factor that can influence children's behavior. Other factors such as genetics, peer influence, and individual personality traits also play a role in shaping a child's beliefs and values. While parents do have an important role in helping their children grow and develop, it is important to acknowledge that they are not solely responsible for their successes or failures.

Question 3

According to Erikson,late adulthood is to integrity as young adulthood is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson,late adulthood is to integrity...

Question 4

Erikson suggested that the capacity to form close,loving relationships in young adulthood depended on

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory suggests that the task of young adulthood is to develop a sense of identity, which includes knowing oneself and having a clear understanding of one's values and beliefs. This sense of identity provides the foundation for developing close, loving relationships. Without a clear sense of who they are, individuals may struggle to form deep connections with others.

Question 5

Piaget is to cognitive development as Erikson is to ________ development.

Accepted Answer

Erikson is known for his theory of psychosocial development, which describes how individuals develop and face challenges in different stages of life, such as trust vs. mistrust or intimacy vs. isolation.

Question 6

Adolescents and their parents are most likely to have disagreements regarding

Accepted Answer

Adolescents and their parents often have disagreements about homework as adolescents may not want to do their homework and parents may push them to do so. While religious beliefs, career choices, and college choices may also lead to disagreements, they are not as common as homework-related disagreements.

Question 7

As individuals progress through their teen years into early adulthood,their self-concepts typically become

Accepted Answer

The answer of As individuals progress through their teen years...

Question 8

Young children who more consistently delay gratification on marshmallow-like tests are best described as more

Accepted Answer

The ability to delay gratification on marshmallow-like tests is a measure of self-control, as it requires the child to resist the temptation of immediate reward in favor of a greater reward in the future.

Question 9

Ismael has switched his college major several times while trying to figure out what kind of work he might like to do.Erikson would have suggested that Ismael lacks

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that during adolescence and young adulthood, individuals are focused on developing a sense of identity. Ismael's switching college majors suggests that he is still uncertain about who he is and what he wants to do, which would indicate a lack of identity.

Question 10

Parents can most effectively increase their influence on their children by

Accepted Answer

By selecting their children's neighborhood and schools, parents can ensure that their children are exposed to positive influences and have access to resources that support their growth and development. This can include high-quality schools, safe neighborhoods, and access to extracurricular activities and community programs. By investing in these areas, parents can create an environment that encourages their children's success and helps them to build a strong foundation for their future.

Question 11

Lolita vacillates between acting rebellious toward her parents and high school teachers and behaving with compliance and respect.Erikson would have suggested that Lolita's inconsistency illustrates

Accepted Answer

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development includes the stage of identity vs. role confusion, which occurs during adolescence. During this stage, individuals may experience a conflict between exploring and developing their own identity and conforming to societal expectations and roles. Lolita's vacillation between rebellious and compliant behavior could be seen as a manifestation of this conflict and suggests a struggle with identity formation and potential role confusion. Delay of gratification, pruning process, and dual processing do not directly apply to this situation.

Question 12

According to Erikson,infancy is to trust as adolescence is to

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, adolescence is the stage of development where individuals experience the psychosocial crisis of identity vs. role confusion. This is a time when they work to establish a sense of self and a personal identity separate from their family and friends. Trust, on the other hand, is the primary psychosocial crisis of infancy, as infants develop a sense of security and comfort in their surroundings through the consistent care of their primary caregiver.

Question 13

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents

Accepted Answer

Research shows that despite common stereotypes, most adolescents actually maintain positive feelings towards their parents.

Question 14

According to Erikson,committing oneself to meaningful social roles would be most indicative of the achievement of

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage of adolescence is marked by the development of identity. Erikson believed that the successful resolution of this stage involves the establishment of a strong and stable sense of identity, which includes a commitment to meaningful social roles such as work and relationships. Therefore, committing oneself to meaningful social roles is most indicative of the achievement of identity.

Question 15

Adolescents who feel excluded from peer relationships are at increased risk for social withdrawal and

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who feel excluded from peer relationships are at an increased risk for depression. Social exclusion can have a major impact on an individual's mental health, leading to feelings of sadness, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Adolescents who are socially excluded may become socially withdrawn, which can further perpetuate the cycle of exclusion and negatively impact their development. Choices A, B, and D are not directly linked to social exclusion and do not have empirical evidence to support them as potential consequences of exclusion.

Question 16

According to Erikson,adolescents who are unable to develop a sense of identity experience

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescents who cannot successfully develop a sense of identity may experience role confusion, which can lead to a lack of direction and purpose in life. This can result in difficulties in establishing meaningful relationships and making decisions about the future. None of the other answer choices are related to Erikson's theory of identity development.

Question 17

When surrounded by men,a woman may become mindful of her gender because ________ often forms around one's distinctiveness.

Accepted Answer

Social identity often forms around one's distinctiveness, and in situations where a woman is surrounded by men, she may become more mindful of her gender as a result.

Question 18

Children who demonstrate ________ are especially likely to experience academic success.

Accepted Answer

Delay of gratification refers to the ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in order to receive a larger, long-term reward. This trait is associated with higher academic achievement because it allows children to focus on studying and working hard towards future goals, rather than being distracted by immediate pleasures or distractions.

Question 19

Parent-child conflict during the transition to adolescence tends to be ________ with first-born rather than second-born children.The conflict tends to be ________ between children and their mothers than between children and their fathers.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that conflict is "greater" with first-born children during adolescence. The passage also states that conflict is "stronger" between children and their mothers, rather than their fathers.

Question 20

According to Erikson,Lucinda's sense of who she is and where she's going increases her chances of moving on to the next stage of

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the next stage after identity vs. role confusion (where Lucinda's sense of who she is and where she's going is developed) is intimacy vs. isolation. This stage is characterized by the ability to form meaningful relationships with others, including romantic relationships. Therefore, Lucinda's heightened sense of identity increases her chances of successfully moving on to this stage of development.

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span