Question 1

Professor Polinski suggested that humans pair-bond because this practice encouraged the cooperative nature and survival of children.The professor's suggestion best illustrated a(n)________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The professor's suggestion about humans pair-bonding based on the benefit to the survival of offspring aligns with an evolutionary perspective. Evolutionary psychologists study how behavior and mental processes have evolved over time to meet adaptive challenges.

Question 2

The age at which people are expected to leave home,get a job,and marry has changed dramatically in Wallonia over the past 50 years.Developmentalists would say that the country's ________ has been altered.

Accepted Answer

The term "social clock" refers to the culturally preferred timing of social events such as leaving home, getting a job, and getting married. Therefore, if the age at which these events occur has changed dramatically, it suggests that the social clock in Wallonia has been altered. The other choices of developmental norm, maturation cycle, and family calendar are not as closely related to the concept of social clock.

Question 3

The terminal decline phenomenon involves a decrease in mental ability that accompanies the approach of

Accepted Answer

Terminal decline refers to a significant decrease in cognitive and intellectual abilities that occurs in the last few years or months of an individual's life, as they approach death. It is not related to menopause or retirement, and may or may not occur during a midlife crisis.

Question 4

Compared with their counterparts of 30 years ago,American men today are marrying

Accepted Answer

Over the past few decades, both American men and women have been marrying at older ages compared to 30 years ago.

Question 5

A British study involving more than 11,000 participants indicated that brain training activities over a period of six weeks ________ subsequent performance of the practiced mental skills,and ________ overall cognitive fitness.

Accepted Answer

The first blank should be filled with "improved" because the study indicated that brain training activities improved subsequent performance of the practiced mental skills. The second blank should be filled with "did not improve" because the study did not show a significant improvement in overall cognitive fitness.

Question 6

After living together for a year without any long-term commitment to their relationship,Sylvia and Yefim have decided to marry.Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research on premarital cohabitation suggests that couples who cohabit before marriage have a higher probability of divorce than those who do not cohabit or who cohabit after engagement. Therefore, Sylvia and Yefim's marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.

Question 7

Professor Kuilema compared the moral intuitions of one group of children,a second group of adolescents,and a third group of adults by assessing their reactions to a variety of moral dilemmas.Professor Kuilema conducted a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

Professor Kuilema conducted a cross-sectional study, which involves comparing individuals from different age groups at the same point in time.

Question 8

The best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction is the

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the ratio of positive to negative interactions is a strong predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction. Couples who have a higher ratio of positive interactions tend to be happier and more satisfied in their relationships, while those with a higher ratio of negative interactions tend to be less satisfied and more likely to divorce. This ratio takes into account not only the frequency of positive and negative interactions, but also their intensity and quality. The frequency of sexual intimacy or intensity of passionate feelings are not as reliable predictors of marital satisfaction. The experience of a prior marriage can also impact marital satisfaction, but it is not as consistently predictive as the ratio of positive to negative interactions.

Question 9

A cross-sectional study is one in which

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is one in which different age groups are tested at the same time. This type of study is commonly used in epidemiology to assess the prevalence of a disease or risk factor in different age groups. It is different from a longitudinal study, in which the same individuals are followed over time and retested on multiple occasions. In a cross-sectional study, data is collected at a single point in time, and no assumptions can be made about causality or changes over time.

Question 10

People have been most likely to describe themselves as a "sandwich generation" during their

Accepted Answer

The sandwich generation refers to middle-aged adults who are "sandwiched" between caring for their aging parents and their own children. This typically occurs during middle adulthood, between the ages of 35-54.

Question 11

Among employed women,the task of raising children is especially likely to be associated with ________ marital satisfaction.The departure of mature children from the home is typically associated with ________ marital satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Among employed women, the task of raising children is likely to be associated with decreasing marital satisfaction, as it can lead to increased stress and decreased time for the couple to spend together. The departure of mature children from the home is typically associated with increasing marital satisfaction, as it can provide the couple with more time and freedom to focus on their relationship. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 12

On which of the following tasks is a 20-year-old most likely to outperform a 70-year-old?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On which of the following tasks is...

Question 13

People typically experience an increasing sense of confidence and self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that self-esteem typically increases from the mid-teen years to midlife, with a peak in early middle adulthood. It then begins to decline in late middle age and continues to decline in old age. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 14

When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recent learned list of 24 words,the older adults demonstrated

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that older adults typically experience a decline in their ability to recall information (such as the 24 words) from memory, but their ability to recognize the information remains relatively intact. Therefore, older adults may struggle to recall the list of words, but they are likely to recognize them when presented with the list again.

Question 15

The same people are retested over a long period in a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies involve following the same individuals over an extended period of time and retesting them to track changes and development. This is in contrast to cross-sectional studies, which compare different groups of people at a single point in time. Terminal decline and life-span are relevant terms to developmental psychology but do not pertain specifically to this type of study.

Question 16

Researchers study the effects of exercise on the physical health of more than 5000 residents in one locale throughout their middle and late adulthoods.The research best illustrates a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal study involves following a group of individuals over a prolonged period of time and collecting data at multiple intervals. In this scenario, the researchers are studying the physical health of residents over their middle and late adulthoods, suggesting a longitudinal design. The other choices - working memory, cross-sectional, and prospective memory - do not accurately describe the study design.

Question 17

Marie feels socially useful in her career as a financial investment adviser.Erik Erikson would have suggested that Marie experiences a sense of

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, in middle adulthood (ages 40-65), the primary developmental task is generativity, which involves a sense of contributing to society through work, family, and/or community involvement. Marie feeling socially useful in her career as a financial investment adviser fits with this developmental stage and suggests that she may be experiencing a sense of generativity.

Question 18

When children grow up and leave home,parents most frequently report feeling

Accepted Answer

According to research, most parents report feeling happy once their children grow up and leave home. This is because parents have fulfilled their responsibilities and are free to enjoy their own lives and pursue their own interests. While some parents may experience initial anxiety or sadness, these feelings tend to subside over time. Depression or boredom are not the most common feelings reported by parents once their children leave home.

Question 19

A ________ of Americans say that love counts as a very important reason to marry and a ________ of Americans say that financial stability counts as a very important reason to marry.

Accepted Answer

According to various surveys conducted in the US, a majority of Americans (around 88%) believe that love is a very important reason to marry, while a minority (around 28%) consider financial stability as a very important reason. Therefore, the correct option is choice C, where love is a majority factor and financial stability is a minority factor.

Question 20

Researchers have discovered that the midlife transition between early and middle adulthood is characterized by unusually high levels of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have discovered that the midlife transition...

Quiz 4: Developing Through the Life Span

Professor Polinski suggested that humans pair-bond because this practice encouraged the cooperative nature and survival of children.The professor's suggestion best illustrated a(n) ________ perspective.