Question 1

Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is from Japan.Which person is likely to rate herself higher on agreeableness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is...

Question 2

Jayda and LeMario had a disagreement and began to attack each other's character.Jayda told LeMario that he is "assertive." LeMario told Jayda that she is "neurotic." If Jayda is a "typical" female and LeMario is a "typical" male,which one has made an accurate personality assessment?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that, on average, men tend to score higher on assertiveness, while women tend to score higher on neuroticism. Therefore, both Jayda and LeMario have made accurate assessments based on typical gender personality traits.

Question 3

In Gray's model,the BAS responds to ________,whereas the BIS responds to ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Gray's model, the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) is responsible for responding to rewards, while the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is responsible for responding to punishments. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 4

Fowsia and Ahmed live in Somalia,and Anna and Frank live in the United States.Based on what you have learned about personality,you can safely assume that ________ will show more gender-based differences in personality.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that gender-based differences in personality are more pronounced in individualistic cultures like the United States, where men are expected to be assertive and independent and women are expected to be nurturing and emotional. In collectivistic cultures like Somalia, gender roles are less rigidly defined and there may be less emphasis on individual traits associated with masculinity or femininity. Therefore, it is likely that Anna and Frank will show more gender-based differences in personality than Fowsia and Ahmed.

Question 5

Anna is a college student from the United States and Michiko is a college student from Japan.Both have taken the same personality assessment as part of a psychology research study.Which of these young women is likely to score higher in neuroticism,and why?

Accepted Answer

Japanese individuals often report higher levels of neuroticism due to cultural factors that emphasize modesty and self-criticism.

Question 6

According to your textbook,most contemporary trait theorists:

Accepted Answer

Most contemporary trait theorists believe that behavior is jointly determined by both situations and personality traits. This is in contrast to earlier trait theorists who placed more emphasis on stable, internal traits as the primary determinants of behavior. Current trait theorists acknowledge the importance of situational factors in shaping behavior and recognize that behavior cannot be solely attributed to personality traits.

Question 7

Imagine that Eysenck has classified one of your roommates as an extravert and the other as an introvert.When you come into the room,you slam the door very loudly,surprising them both.Who would show more physiological arousal to this event?

Accepted Answer

Introverts are generally more sensitive to stimuli and tend to show higher physiological arousal in response to sudden events compared to extraverts.

Question 8

According to this view,behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

Accepted Answer

Situationism is a theoretical perspective which holds that specific situations and contexts play a significant role in shaping individual behavior, rather than personality traits or inherent characteristics. This is in contrast to the notion of trait theory, which emphasizes stable traits and characteristics as the primary determinants of behavior. The Big Five and nomothetic approaches are not directly related to the concept of situationism.

Question 9

Naoko is a college student from Japan.As part of a psychology research study,she has just taken a personality trait assessment.Compared to the average college student in the United States,how is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Naoko is a college student from Japan.As...

Question 10

People who are very ________ may seek out so much environmental stimulation that they get into trouble,and people who are very ________ may be so overstimulated by their environments that they feel chronically overwhelmed and uncomfortable.The brain structure that is responsible for consistent differences in understimulation or overstimulation in personality is the ________.

Accepted Answer

Extraverted individuals seek more stimulation due to lower baseline arousal, while introverted individuals may feel overstimulated due to higher baseline arousal. The ascending reticular activating system is responsible for regulating arousal and consciousness levels.

Question 11

In terms of gender differences in personality:

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that women tend to score higher on agreeableness and neuroticism compared to men across various cultures and societies.

Question 12

Which personality trait(s)is (are)seen across all cultures?

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits, which include neuroticism, extraversion, and openness, are considered universal and have been observed across various cultures.

Question 13

According to interactionists,a funeral:

Accepted Answer

Interactionists view funerals as strong situations because they come with a set of cultural norms and expectations that strongly shape people's behavior and emotions. Funerals are characterized by rituals, symbols, and language that communicate a specific meaning and elicit specific responses from mourners.

Question 14

Walter Mischel has argued that trait theories have difficulty predicting behavior because:

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel's argument is that our behavior is more responsive to situational variables than trait theories assume. This means that our actions are not solely based on our internal characteristics, but also on the specific context and environment we are in.

Question 15

As part of the general testing done in your psychology class,you turn out to be very high on the trait of self-monitoring,whereas your roommate scores low on this trait.What might one expect regarding the consistency of your and your roommate's behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with low self-monitoring tend to behave more consistently across different situations because they are guided by their internal states and attitudes, whereas high self-monitors adjust their behavior according to the social context.

Question 16

Walter Mischel has been a major critic of trait theories of personality in arguing that a person's behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel's critique of trait theory suggests that a person's behavior is not as consistent as trait theorists predict. He argued that behavior is strongly influenced by situational factors rather than stable personality traits.

Question 17

One response to Walter Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory is to argue that:

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory suggests that behavior is highly influenced by situational factors, and therefore traits are not consistent predictors of behavior. However, research has shown that certain traits, especially central traits that are highly relevant to a person's self-concept, can be more predictive of behavior. Additionally, some people may be more consistent in their behavior across situations than others. Finally, when behaviors are averaged across many situations, traits can still be useful predictors of behavior. Therefore, all of the above responses are valid in addressing Mischel's critique.

Question 18

According to research,which of the following traits is found by personality research on sex differences to be higher in men than women?

Accepted Answer

Personality research has consistently shown that men tend to score higher in assertiveness compared to women. However, there is no evidence to support that men are higher in attentiveness or neuroticism. The research on thrill-seeking is somewhat mixed, with some studies showing no sex differences and others showing slightly higher levels in men.

Question 19

According to your textbook,scoring low on the trait of ________ is associated with relatively high consistency in your behavior across situations.

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring refers to the extent to which someone pays attention to and is able to adjust their behavior in response to social cues and context. People who score low on self-monitoring are less likely to adjust their behavior based on social situation and are more consistent in their behavior across different situations.

Question 20

According to research on physiological arousal and personality,which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala has been associated with processing emotions, including fear and anxiety, and has been found to inhibit behavior in response to threatening stimuli.

Quiz 13: Personality