Question 1

Compared with alpha and beta waves,delta waves are
A) slower and smaller.
B) faster and larger.
C) slower and larger.
D) faster and smaller.

Accepted Answer

Delta waves have a slower frequency and larger amplitude compared to alpha and beta waves.

Question 2

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by
A) the differing musical preferences of younger and older persons.
B) fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day.
C) the different study habits of men and women.
D) the different personalities of people born during different months of the year.

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are the natural fluctuations in physiological and behavioral processes that occur over the course of approximately 24 hours. These rhythms influence our energy levels, alertness, and other aspects of our functioning across a typical day. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it correctly describes the impact of circadian rhythms. Options A, C, and D are not related to circadian rhythms.

Question 3

Research on sleep and dreaming fails to confirm that
A) the use of sleeping pills reduces REM sleep.
B) increased genital arousal accompanies dreaming regardless of whether the dream's content is sexual.
C) when dreaming of performing an activity,our limbs move in concert with the dream.
D) NREM-3 sleep periods become shorter as we progress through a full night of sleep.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Human body temperatures typically
A) rise with the approach of morning and fall with the approach of night.
B) rise with the approach of night and fall with the approach of morning.
C) rise with the approach of NREM-1 sleep and fall with the approach of REM sleep.
D) rise with the approach of REM sleep and fall with the approach of NREM-1 sleep.

Accepted Answer

The human body temperature typically rises with the approach of morning and falls with the approach of night. This is because of the body's natural circadian rhythm that regulates body temperature. As we wake up, our body naturally raises its temperature to increase alertness and metabolism. As we wind down for the night, our body naturally lowers its temperature to promote relaxation and sleep.

Question 5

At the very onset of sleep,Melanie experienced pressure on her body followed by a feeling that she was falling.Her experience best illustrates
A) narcolepsy.
B) REM rebound.
C) night terrors.
D) hypnagogic sensations.

Accepted Answer

The pressure on her body and feeling of falling suggest that Melanie is experiencing hypnagogic sensations, which are vivid sensory experiences that occur during the onset of sleep. Narcolepsy involves sudden and uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep, REM rebound refers to an increase of REM sleep after deprivation, and night terrors are episodes of high arousal and panic during sleep.

Question 6

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning,because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time.Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the
A) REM rebound.
B) menstrual cycle.
C) circadian rhythm.
D) hypnagogic state.

Accepted Answer

Cindi's experience reflects the influence of circadian rhythm, which affects our body's natural tendency to feel alert and awake during the daytime and more tired at night. This can impact our ability to concentrate and perform well on tasks like exams.

Question 7

NREM-2 sleep is to ________ as NREM-3 sleep is to ________.
A) alpha waves;sleep spindles
B) sleep spindles;delta waves
C) delta waves;alpha waves
D) alpha waves;rapid eye movements

Accepted Answer

NREM-2 sleep is characterized by sleep spindles, which are short bursts of brain activity, while NREM-3 sleep is characterized by delta waves, which are slow brain waves. Choice B correctly matches sleep spindles with NREM-2 sleep and delta waves with NREM-3 sleep.

Question 8

The large,slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called
A) alpha waves.
B) beta waves.
C) sleep spindles.
D) delta waves.

Accepted Answer

Delta waves are the large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep. Alpha waves are typically associated with wakefulness or relaxation, beta waves are associated with alertness and cognitive processing, and sleep spindles are characteristic of NREM-2 sleep.

Question 9

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the
A) REM rebound.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) alpha wave pattern.
D) hypnagogic sensation.

Accepted Answer

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the circadian rhythm. A is incorrect because REM rebound refers to an increase in the amount of REM sleep after a period of REM deprivation. C is incorrect because the alpha wave pattern refers to a specific brainwave frequency. D is incorrect because hypnagogic sensations are vivid sensory experiences that occur when falling asleep.

Question 10

Women become increasingly morning-oriented "larks" as they have children and also as they transition to menopause.This best illustrates that age and experience can alter our
A) hypnagogic sensations.
B) circadian rhythm.
C) NREM-2 sleep.
D) REM rebound.

Accepted Answer

The fact that women become more morning-oriented as they have children and transition to menopause suggests that their circadian rhythm is shifting, which is the body's natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 11

Who discovered that we cycle through distinct sleep stages about every 90 minutes?
A) William Dement
B) August Kekulé
C) Eugene Aserinsky
D) James Maas

Accepted Answer

Eugene Aserinsky discovered that we cycle through distinct sleep stages about every 90 minutes with the discovery of REM sleep in 1953.

Question 12

During NREM-1 sleep,people may experience fantastic images that resemble
A) delta waves.
B) hallucinations.
C) latent content.
D) sleep spindles.

Accepted Answer

During NREM-1 sleep, people may experience hypnagogic hallucinations, which are vivid visual, auditory, or sensory experiences that can be fantastical or bizarre.

Question 13

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half,his heart began to beat faster,his breathing became fast and irregular,and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth.Carlos was most likely experiencing
A) NREM-3 sleep.
B) sleep apnea.
C) narcolepsy.
D) REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Carlos is experiencing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which is characterized by fast and irregular breathing, increased heart rate, and rapid eye movements.

Question 14

Sleep is best defined as
A) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
B) a periodic natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages.
C) a state of hibernation or general anesthesia.
D) episodes of fast and jerky eye movements accompanied by frequent muscle spasms.

Accepted Answer

The definition of sleep is best represented by option B: a periodic natural loss of consciousness that involves distinct stages. While the other options mention certain aspects of sleep, they do not fully encompass the complex nature of this phenomena. Option A may describe circadian rhythms, which are important in regulating sleep, but do not fully define sleep itself. Option C may describe a type of deep sleep, but not the entire sleep process. Option D seems to reflect the symptoms of a sleep disorder, but not the definition of sleep itself.

Question 15

When people are experiencing vivid dreams
A) their body often moves in accordance with what they dream.
B) their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.
C) they are more likely to emit sleep spindles than during any other stage of sleep.
D) their slow brain‑wave patterns indicate that they are deeply asleep.

Accepted Answer

During REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is the stage of sleep where people have vivid dreams, the eyes move rapidly under the closed eyelids. This is often used as an indicator of when someone is in REM sleep.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?
A) Samantha often sleepwalks.She is acting out her dreams.
B) Juan suffers from insomnia.A sleep expert has recommended that he take the occasional sleeping pill to get rest.
C) Betsy dreamed of playing soccer and kicked her husband all night in her sleep.
D) Margaret is 80 years old and sleeps about five hours more each night than her granddaughter who is 15 years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true?
A)...

Question 17

Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.
A) NREM-1
B) NREM-2
C) NREM-3
D) REM

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are brief bursts of brain activity that occur during stage NREM-2 sleep.

Question 18

Thinking is sharpest and memory is most accurate when people are at their daily peak in
A) melatonin secretion.
B) circadian arousal.
C) REM rebound.
D) hypnagogic sensations.

Accepted Answer

Circadian arousal refers to the natural rhythm of the body, which peaks in alertness and cognitive function during certain times of the day, often in the morning for most people. This is the time when thinking is sharpest and memory is most accurate. Melatonin secretion and hypnagogic sensations are both related to sleep and relaxation, and REM rebound refers to increased REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation, none of which are associated with peak cognitive function during waking hours.

Question 19

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?
A) bed-wetting
B) sleep spindles
C) hallucinations
D) genital arousal

Accepted Answer

Slow-wave sleep, also known as deep sleep, is most commonly associated with bed-wetting (nocturnal enuresis) in children. This stage of sleep is characterized by the lowest frequency but highest amplitude brain waves during the sleep cycle, making it a period when it's hardest to wake someone up. It's during this deep sleep that physiological phenomena like bed-wetting can occur, as the body is in a state of deep relaxation and the brain is less responsive to signals from the bladder.

Question 20

NREM-1 sleep is likely to be associated with
A) genital arousal.
B) delta waves.
C) night terrors.
D) hypnagogic sensations.

Accepted Answer

NREM-1 sleep is characterized by hypnagogic sensations, which are sensory experiences that occur as a person is falling asleep. These sensations can include a feeling of floating or falling or seeing flashes of light. They are often accompanied by vivid images or sounds, and can be quite intense. NREM-1 sleep is also associated with a slowing of brain activity and a decrease in muscle tone.

Quiz 8: Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Compared with alpha and beta waves,delta waves are

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

Research on sleep and dreaming fails to confirm that

Human body temperatures typically

At the very onset of sleep,Melanie experienced pressure on her body followed by a feeling that she was falling.Her experience best illustrates

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning,because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time.Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

NREM-2 sleep is to as NREM-3 sleep is to .

The large,slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called

The pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle is called the

Women become increasingly morning-oriented "larks" as they have children and also as they transition to menopause.This best illustrates that age and experience can alter our

Who discovered that we cycle through distinct sleep stages about every 90 minutes?

During NREM-1 sleep,people may experience fantastic images that resemble

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half,his heart began to beat faster,his breathing became fast and irregular,and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth.Carlos was most likely experiencing

Sleep is best defined as

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

Which of the following statements is true?

Sleep spindles are characteristic of ________ sleep.

Thinking is sharpest and memory is most accurate when people are at their daily peak in

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?

NREM-1 sleep is likely to be associated with