Question 1

Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate

Accepted Answer

The term "posttraumatic growth" refers to positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises. Systematic desensitization and psychopharmacology do not apply to this concept, and a double-blind procedure is a research method, not a psychological phenomenon.

Question 2

Psychosurgery involves

Accepted Answer

Psychosurgery involves removing or destroying brain tissue. Passing an electric current through the brain is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Injecting lithium directly into the limbic system is a form of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, C is the correct choice.

Question 3

The personal strength that enables people to cope with stress and recover from adversity is called

Accepted Answer

Resilience is the ability to adapt and cope with stress and adversity, which ultimately leads to recovery and growth. Individualism refers to a cultural value that emphasizes independence and individual rights rather than collective goals. Resistance is the ability to prevent or withstand the effects of a harmful agent or stressor, whereas long-term potentiation is a process that enhances the strength of connections between neurons in the brain, important for learning and memory.

Question 4

After surviving the loss of family members to the horrors of war,Jacinda developed an enlarged capacity to empathize with those who suffer and to care for those in need.Her response to stressful life circumstances best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological changes that can occur in response to highly stressful or traumatic experiences, such as the loss of family members in war. These changes can include greater empathy, increased resilience, and a deeper appreciation for life. Long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, and tardive dyskinesia are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 5

Explain how the advent of drug therapies revolutionized the treatment of psychological disorders.Describe the different drug therapies,noting for which disorder each is used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how the advent of drug therapies...

Question 6

Dr.Judd is convinced that psychological disorders result largely from stressful social situations rather than from disturbances within the individual personality.Dr.Judd's belief is most consistent with the assumptions that underlie the work of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Judd's belief that psychological disorders are largely caused by stressful social situations is consistent with the assumptions of community psychology, which emphasizes the importance of understanding and addressing social and environmental factors in mental health.

Question 7

Most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit posttraumatic stress disorder.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to the ability to successfully adapt to difficult situations or environments, such as combat, without developing significant negative consequences such as PTSD. Therefore, the fact that most combat-stressed veterans do not later exhibit PTSD highlights their resilience. Choice A (Resistance) typically refers to a patient's ability to tolerate a medication or treatment without experiencing negative side effects, and is not relevant to this scenario. Choice C (Withdrawal) refers to a psychological and physical reaction to the abrupt cessation of a drug or other addictive substance, and is also not applicable. Choice D (Tardive dyskinesia) is a side effect of long-term antipsychotic medication use and is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 8

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on identifying and eliminating the causes of psychological disorders before they occur, specifically by addressing social and environmental stressors. The other options listed focus more on treating existing psychological disorders rather than preventing them from occurring.

Question 9

The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is

Accepted Answer

Psychosurgery, also known as neurosurgery for mental disorder (NMD), involves the surgical alteration or destruction of specific areas of the brain. It is a highly invasive and controversial intervention that is rarely used due to its potential risks and ethical concerns. In contrast, the other interventions listed (rTMS, electroconvulsive therapy, and drug therapy) are more commonly used and have been shown to be effective in changing behavior.

Question 10

Bolstering parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievements and resulting self-esteem best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on promoting mental health and preventing mental illness by enhancing individual and community resilience factors, such as nurturing healthy relationships and strengthening supportive environments. Bolstering parents' and teachers' skills at nurturing children's achievements and resulting self-esteem falls under the category of preventive mental health.

Question 11

MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of

Accepted Answer

MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is not typically used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or depression.

Question 12

Identify some of the factors associated with today's decreased mental health.Describe what measures associated with preventive mental health could do to reduce the impact of those factors?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify some of the factors associated with...

Question 13

Sylvia has been struggling with depression for years.Although she could take antidepressants,she prefers not to take drugs.Her therapist recommends therapeutic lifestyle change as a way of changing her pattern of depression.Give three examples of possible lifestyle changes,and explain how these changes alter the brain and improve depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sylvia has been struggling with depression for...

Question 14

Between 1936 and 1954,lobotomies were most likely to be performed on psychologically disturbed patients who were

Accepted Answer

Lobotomies were often used to treat patients with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, who displayed uncontrollable and violent behavior. It was believed that removing a portion of the brain could calm the patient and make them more manageable.

Question 15

Mr.Andrews suffers from frequent episodes of extreme depression.When a friend suggests that he might be helped by drug therapy,Mr.Andrews responds,"Drugs are just a crutch for people who lack self-discipline and who want to hide from their problems.Besides,I'm not about to hand over control of my life to some psychiatrist and his magic pills." Explain why Mr.Andrews' ideas about drug therapy are inaccurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr.Andrews suffers from frequent episodes of extreme...

Question 16

Who developed the surgical procedure known as lobotomy?

Accepted Answer

Egas Moniz, a Portuguese neurologist, developed the surgical procedure known as lobotomy in 1935.

Question 17

Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of the procedure for performing a lobotomy. This was a controversial procedure that involved cutting or scraping away parts of the frontal lobe of the brain, which was believed to alleviate symptoms of mental illness but often resulted in serious side effects and long-term damage.

Quiz 55: Social Thinking