Question 1

The Franco-Prussian War was waged:

Accepted Answer

The Franco-Prussian War was the final stage in German unification. Bismarck, the Chancellor of Prussia, sought to unify Germany under Prussian leadership and believed that a war with France would help to bring the southern German states into a North German Confederation. The war ended with a Prussian victory and the formal creation of the German Empire.

Question 2

In the aftermath of the 1848 revolution,Frederick William of Prussia rejected a new constitution.Two years later he accepted a constitution that allowed for the election of a Parliament with voting based on:

Accepted Answer

The constitution accepted by Frederick William of Prussia allowed for the election of a Parliament with voting based on universal male suffrage, although votes were weighted based on taxes paid. This meant that all men could vote, but those who paid more in taxes had more influence in the election.

Question 3

In 1859,the classic defense of liberty,On Liberty,was written by:

Accepted Answer

On Liberty was written by John Stuart Mill in 1859.

Question 4

The first emperor of a united Germany was:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm I, also known as William I, was the first emperor of a united Germany after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. He was the king of Prussia prior to unification and had significant influence in the creation of the German Empire.

Question 5

In the nineteenth century,both the United States and Russia shared a similar problem in building their respective nations,which was:

Accepted Answer

Both the United States and Russia had a significant portion of their population in servitude during the nineteenth century. The United States had slavery, and Russia had serfdom. These systems of forced labor hindered the economic development of both nations and were obstacles in building their respective nations.

Question 6

The British leader who urged increasing the franchise in the hope it would result in more conservative votes was:

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Disraeli, a conservative leader, campaigned for the Reform Act of 1867 which extended the electoral franchise to urban working-class males in hopes of gaining more conservative votes.

Question 7

Bismarck was appointed to the post of minister-president of Prussia in 1862 because:

Accepted Answer

Kaiser Wilhelm I needed Bismarck's help to control a newly elected liberal Parliament and pass important legislation. Bismarck was a skilled politician who was able to manipulate and outmaneuver his opponents, which ultimately allowed him to consolidate power and push through his agenda.

Question 8

Although the term Realpolitik was closely associated with Otto von Bismarck,it was coined by the former German revolutionary:

Accepted Answer

Realpolitik was coined by August Ludwig von Rochau, a German political philosopher and former revolutionary who saw it as a pragmatic approach to political and social change. While Bismarck is often associated with Realpolitik due to his use of pragmatic tactics in unifying Germany, the term was already in use prior to his rise to power.

Question 9

Following the occupation of Rome in 1870,an attempt was made to solve the problems of relations between the new Italian state and the:

Accepted Answer

The occupation of Rome in 1870 raised questions about how the new Italian state would interact with the papacy, which had traditionally held significant power in the city. Italy's leaders sought to establish a new framework for relations with the papacy, resulting in the Lateran Treaty of 1929. This treaty established the Vatican City as a sovereign entity, recognized the pope's authority over it, and ended the long-running controversy between the papacy and the Italian state regarding their respective powers and territories.

Question 10

Bismarck's quest for a united Germany required that he:

Accepted Answer

Bismarck's strategy was to engage in a series of short, deliberate wars that would weaken and eventually bring the other German states under Prussian control. He believed that a united Germany could only be achieved under Prussian leadership, and therefore he needed to eliminate the influence of Austria and France, the two main military powers in Europe, in the German states. This was achieved through three wars: the Danish-Prussian War of 1864, the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. By defeating Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, Bismarck eliminated their influence in German affairs, and by defeating France in the Franco-Prussian War, he was able to bring the remaining German states under Prussian control and establish the German Empire under Prussian leadership.

Question 11

The decree emancipating 22 million Russian serfs in 1861:

Accepted Answer

While the decree technically emancipated the serfs, it did not provide them with land or economic resources to be truly independent. The serfs were still tied to their former landowners through debt and were subject to many restrictions. The decree was also difficult to enforce, as many landowners resisted it and found ways to continue exploiting the labor of their former serfs. Overall, while the decree represented an important step toward freedom for the serfs, it did not result in immediate or substantial change.

Question 12

In his book The Subjection of Women,John Stuart Mill advocated the:

Accepted Answer

In his book The Subjection of Women, John Stuart Mill argued for the right of women to vote and for their equal treatment under the law. He believed that gender should not determine a person's political, social, or economic opportunities, and that women were entitled to the same freedoms and rights as men. Thus, he advocated for the enfranchisement of women as a crucial step towards achieving gender equality.

Question 13

In 1867,the conservative government of Great Britain passed the Great Reform Bill which:

Accepted Answer

The Great Reform Bill of 1867 extended the vote to all men who paid an annual rental of £10 and all those who occupied land worth £10 or more. This essentially doubled the franchise and included many skilled workers who had previously been excluded from the vote. However, it did not extend the vote to women.

Question 14

Bismarck's policies can best be understood as:

Accepted Answer

Bismarck's policies were primarily motivated by his desire for power and influence for Prussia, which he believed could only be achieved through a strong and united Germany. He pursued a policy of Realpolitik, using whatever means necessary to achieve his goals, including alliances, wars, and diplomacy. His ultimate aim was to establish Prussia as the dominant power in Europe, and he was largely successful in this endeavor.

Question 15

One result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 was the:

Accepted Answer

The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 led to the defeat of Austria by Prussia and its German allies, resulting in the annexation of the territory of Venetia by Italy. This marked an important step towards the unification of Italy, which was completed in 1871 with the inclusion of Rome.

Question 16

Italian unification was achieved both on the battlefield and through diplomacy; the diplomatic fight was led by:

Accepted Answer

Count Camillo di Cavour led the diplomatic fight for Italian unification. He was the prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia and used his diplomatic skills to form alliances with other European powers, particularly France and Britain, to isolate Austria, the main obstacle to Italian unification. He also initiated economic reforms to modernize the economy of his kingdom and promote industrialization, which contributed to his military success in defeating the Austrian army in 1859. His diplomatic and military achievements paved the way for the eventual unification of Italy under the leadership of Victor Emmanuel II.

Question 17

One result of the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 was that:

Accepted Answer

One of the main reasons for the Seven Weeks' War was the dispute over Schleswig and Holstein between Austria and Prussia. After their victory in the war, Prussia forced Austria to give up all claims to these two territories, thus asserting Prussian dominance in the German states. The weakness of the Prussian military was not revealed, as they emerged victorious from the conflict. The power of the German Confederation was not enlarged, as it was dissolved after the war. The Ottomans and Danes were not involved in this conflict.

Question 18

Who led the "Thousand" that set out to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule in 1860?

Accepted Answer

Giuseppe Garibaldi led the "Thousand" in the expedition to liberate Sicily from Bourbon rule in 1860.

Question 19

The incident that began the Franco-Prussian War was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The incident that began the Franco-Prussian War...

Question 20

Beginning in the mid-1850s under Napoleon III,much of Paris was rebuilt with both social and political concerns in mind.This reconstruction was directed by:

Accepted Answer

The reconstruction of Paris in the mid-1850s was directed by Baron Haussmann, who was appointed by Napoleon III to modernize the city and address social and political concerns. Haussmann oversaw the demolition of old and overcrowded neighborhoods, the creation of new boulevards and parks, and the installation of modern infrastructure like gaslights and sewer systems.

Quiz 21: Revolutions and Nation Building,1848–1871