Question 1

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children,Mr.Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job.Mr.Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

Accepted Answer

Mr. Puskari is experiencing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, which includes flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing a traumatic event. Neither obsessive-compulsive disorder nor generalized anxiety disorder are consistent with the symptoms described. Survivor resiliency may be a factor in Mr. Puskari's ability to cope with the trauma, but it is not a specific diagnosis.

Question 2

According to Professor Kang,fear responses pave neural pathways that are more readily activated by later anxiety-producing experiences.The professor's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Professor Kang,fear responses pave neural...

Question 3

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack, such as chest pain, palpitations, and shortness of breath, are characteristic of panic disorder. Agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder may involve fear or avoidance of certain situations, but do not typically involve these physical symptoms. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves recurrent, intrusive thoughts or compulsive behaviors, but not necessarily physical symptoms resembling a heart attack.

Question 4

Several times in the past two months,Petra has experienced a racing heart,intense fear that something horrible is about to happen,and an inability to breathe.Petra most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Petra's symptoms of racing heart, fear, and difficulty breathing suggest that she is experiencing panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden and intense episodes of fear or discomfort that can last for several minutes and are often accompanied by physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, and shortness of breath. None of the other options (obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, and agoraphobia) specifically involve the symptoms Petra is experiencing.

Question 5

Although World War II air raids were extremely traumatic for those who experienced them,few of these people developed lasting phobic reactions to overhead planes.This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The fact that few people developed lasting phobic reactions suggests that there may be a biological explanation, such as an innate ability to habituate to loud and sudden noises or a genetic predisposition to resilience in the face of trauma, rather than a psychological explanation such as classical conditioning or unconscious conflict.

Question 6

James fears flying.His wife tells him that his fear is rooted in his biological predisposition to fear confinement and heights.Which theoretical perspective does she likely agree with?

Accepted Answer

The wife's explanation about James' fear of flying being rooted in his biological predisposition suggests an evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how behaviors and traits have developed over time through natural selection.

Question 7

Jim and James are identical twins who were separated at birth.As an adult,Jim developed OCD.What can be expected regarding James?

Accepted Answer

Because Jim and James are identical twins, they have the same genetic material. Research has shown that genetics plays a significant role in the development of OCD. Therefore, it is more likely that James will also develop OCD. Other environmental factors and life experiences may influence the development of OCD as well.

Question 8

The idea that we are biologically programmed to fear threats faced by our ancestors can help explain phobias related to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The fear of bombs falling from the sky is not related to any threat or experience faced by our ancestors as it is a modern technology.

Question 9

It is easy to condition and hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors.This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the persistence of certain fears from our evolutionary past is best understood from a biological perspective, as it implies that our brains may have evolved to be particularly sensitive to the types of threats that were common in our ancestral environment. Conditioning and psychoanalytic theories may also provide some insight into the development and persistence of fears, but they are not specifically mentioned in the statement. Epigenetics refers to how genes are expressed, and while it may play a role in fear development, it is not directly related to the phenomenon described in the statement.

Question 10

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,sleeplessness,and an inability to concentrate.Lenore most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Lenore's symptoms are indicative of generalized anxiety disorder which includes persistent and excessive worry about various issues and physical symptoms such as muscle tension, sleep disturbance, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 11

Mr.Santo has not left his home for 10 years for fear of having a panic attack.When he does think of leaving his home,he begins to hyperventilate,shake,and experience chest pains.Mr.Santo has the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Mr. Santo's fear of leaving his home and experiencing panic symptoms suggests that he may have agoraphobia, which is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being in situations or places from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing, or in which help may not be available in the event of a panic attack.

Question 12

Anxiety disorders,OCD,and PTSD reflect a brain danger-detection system that is

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD are all characterized by the brain's danger-detection system being hyperactive. This means that the brain is perceiving threats or danger at a higher level than what is actually present, leading to symptoms such as excessive worry, intrusive thoughts, and hypervigilance.

Question 13

Without success,Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work.Her experience is most symptomatic of

Accepted Answer

Maxine's experience of spending hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts is a classic symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The obsession of forgetting to lock her house is causing her significant distress and anxiety, and the compulsion to constantly check and re-check that the house is locked is interfering with her daily functioning. Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent panic attacks, generalized anxiety disorder is marked by excessive worry and fear, and agoraphobia involves fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult or embarrassing. None of these disorders are directly reflected in Maxine's symptoms.

Question 14

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable,he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day.Mark appears to suffer from

Accepted Answer

Mark's fear and avoidance of high bridges or expressway overpasses is indicative of a specific phobia. A phobia is an excessive and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is out of proportion to the actual danger it poses. Mark's behavior is not indicative of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 15

Taryn,who was sexually assaulted,experiences frequent nightmares and has withdrawn from her family and friends.Since the attack,she has difficulty sleeping and can no longer hold down a job.Taryn's symptoms indicate that she has

Accepted Answer

Taryn's symptoms are indicative of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event such as sexual assault. Symptoms of PTSD can include nightmares, avoidance of triggers related to the trauma, difficulty sleeping, and impaired functioning in social and occupational settings. OCD, GAD, and social anxiety disorder are all anxiety disorders but their symptoms do not match Taryn's experience.

Question 16

Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?

Accepted Answer

Option B reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder because Mavis' worry is excessive, persistent and doesn't seem to be based on any reasonable cause. She experiences it for several weeks and it has started to interfere with her day-to-day functioning. This is characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder. The other options reflect normal anxiety symptoms that people experience in response to stressful situations.

Question 17

Daniel spends each morning counting every book in his personal library,as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work.He repeats the process when he comes home.He recognizes that this is irrational,but he becomes extremely agitated when he tries to stop.Daniel's behaviors are most symptomatic of

Accepted Answer

Daniel's behaviors are typical of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). His compulsive counting of his personal library and kitchen objects is irrational, as he is aware that it is not necessary, but he becomes agitated when he tries to stop. This is a common symptom of OCD. The other options are less likely explanations for these symptoms.

Question 18

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of

Accepted Answer

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of an anxiety disorder, where a person may engage in avoidance or other maladaptive behaviors in order to reduce anxiety and fear. This can ultimately lead to further reinforcement of the anxiety by avoiding the triggers or fear-provoking situations, which perpetuates the anxiety cycle. Stimulus generalization, survivor resiliency, and epigenetics are not directly related to maladaptive behaviors in this context.

Question 19

Which of the following are disorders that involve anxiety but are NOT classified as anxiety disorders?

Accepted Answer

OCD and PTSD both involve anxiety, but are classified as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, respectively, rather than anxiety disorders.

Question 20

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake.Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child.The therapist's suggestion reflects a(n)________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion that Andrea's fear of lakes is a result of a traumatic boat accident indicates a belief in conditioning. Conditioning refers to the process by which behaviors and responses are learned through associations with stimuli in the environment, such as the pairing of lakes with the negative experience of a boat accident.

Quiz 49: Dissociative and Personality Disorders