Question 1

Freud emphasized that stressful and painful experiences are repressed into the unconscious.But modern research has demonstrated
A) support for fixation of repressed sexual desires.
B) support for the projection of repressed fears.
C) that high stress and associated stress hormones enhance memory.
D) support for the displacement of repressed hostilities.

Accepted Answer

Modern research has demonstrated that high stress and associated stress hormones enhance memory, which contradicts Freud's idea that stressful experiences are repressed and forgotten in the unconscious. The other choices (A, B, and D) are either not supported by modern research or are only partially supported.

Question 2

During a heated argument with his father,15-year-old Jason developed a paralysis of his right arm.Medical examinations can find no physical cause for the paralysis.Use Freud's psychoanalytic perspective to explain how the paralysis may be Jason's attempt to deal with an unconscious conflict between his id and superego.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During a heated argument with his father,15-year-old...

Question 3

Compare and contrast the modern view of the unconscious mind with that of Freud.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the modern view of...

Question 4

Freud's defense mechanism of ________ has been confirmed by recent research.
A) projection
B) repression
C) fixation
D) denial

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud's defense mechanism of ________ has been...

Question 5

Terror-management theory emphasizes that anxiety is triggered by an awareness of one's
A) impending death.
B) erogenous zones.
C) fixations.
D) Oedipus complex.

Accepted Answer

Terror-management theory posits that one's awareness of their own mortality can trigger anxiety, as it emphasizes the idea that humans are motivated to avoid the anxiety associated with the inevitability of death.

Question 6

Outline Freud's proposed stages of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline Freud's proposed stages of psychosexual development....

Question 7

________,which are often unconscious,and implicit prejudice can automatically influence how people see those from other racial backgrounds,religions,and sexual orientations.
A) Schemas
B) Priming
C) Emotions
D) Stereotypes

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________,which are often unconscious,and implicit prejudice can...

Question 8

Freud's concept of projection is most similar to what today's researchers call
A) schemas.
B) the false consensus effect.
C) an inferiority complex.
D) priming.

Accepted Answer

The false consensus effect is the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attitudes, and behaviors. This is similar to Freud's concept of projection, where individuals attribute their own thoughts, feelings, and desires to others. Both concepts involve a distortion of perception and an inability to recognize the boundaries between the self and others. Schemas, an inferiority complex, and priming are all related to cognition and perception in different ways and do not capture the essence of projection as closely as the false consensus effect.

Question 9

Stimuli to which we have not attended can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events.This best illustrates the importance of
A) the false consensus effect.
B) repression.
C) unconscious thought.
D) identification.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the idea of unconscious thought, where stimuli to which we have not consciously attended can still affect our behavior or responses. This is related to the concept of priming, where exposure to one stimulus can affect our response to a subsequent stimulus, without us being consciously aware of it. The other options, such as false consensus effect, repression, and identification, do not directly relate to the concept of unconscious priming.

Question 10

According to a number of distinguished psychologists,a major purpose of the defense mechanisms described by Freud is the protection of self-esteem.Give an example of how repression,reaction formation,projection,rationalization,displacement,and denial could each be used to protect or even enhance a positive self-image.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to a number of distinguished psychologists,a...

Question 11

Preliminary evidence suggests that those who unconsciously identify as homosexual-but who consciously identify as straight-report more negative attitudes toward gays than most people do.This best illustrates the defense mechanism known as
A) projection.
B) regression.
C) displacement.
D) reaction formation.

Accepted Answer

The defense mechanism being illustrated in this scenario is reaction formation. This is because the individuals are experiencing unconscious homosexual tendencies, but consciously identifying as straight in order to defend themselves against their own homosexual impulses. To further protect themselves, they may overcompensate by expressing more negative attitudes toward gays than most people do, which is the opposite of how they truly feel. This is a classic example of the defense mechanism known as reaction formation.

Question 12

Six-year-old Terrance has been watching his favorite cartoon while his father prepares dinner.When the cartoon is over,Terrance asks his father for a new toy fire truck and for sugary cereal for breakfast tomorrow.A psychologist might say that Terrance was ________ to ask for these things because of the toy and cereal commercials he saw while watching the cartoon.
A) sublimated
B) displaced
C) projected
D) primed

Accepted Answer

The term "primed" refers to the process of exposing someone to certain stimuli (in this case, commercials for a toy fire truck and sugary cereal), which then influences their behavior or thoughts afterwards. In this scenario, Terrance has been primed by watching the commercials during his favorite cartoon to ask for a toy fire truck and sugary cereal.

Question 13

Charlotte was planning to drive to the grocery store;however,she inadvertently started taking her usual path to work.Freud might say that her mistake came from her ________,but cognitive researchers would say that it was a result of confused ________.
A) unconscious;implicit memories
B) collective unconscious;parallel processing
C) unconscious;archetypes
D) collective unconscious;implicit memories

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the unconscious mind is responsible for our unintentional behaviors or actions, such as Charlotte's mistake. On the other hand, cognitive researchers suggest that confusion or interference between implicit memories (unconscious memories that affect our behavior) led to Charlotte's mistake. Therefore, the best options are A, as it combines Freud's concept of the unconscious and cognitive psychology's notion of implicit memories.

Question 14

Rusty is a heavy drinker who overestimates the extent to which other people also engage in heavy drinking.Rusty's overestimate best illustrates
A) the false consensus effect.
B) identification.
C) a superiority complex.
D) priming.

Accepted Answer

Rusty's overestimate of the extent to which others engage in heavy drinking is a classic example of the false consensus effect, which is the tendency for individuals to overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Question 15

James is walking home alone at night when he is suddenly startled and scared.A few seconds later,he realizes that he heard a noise and that it came from a stray cat.His experience demonstrates how ________ can be instantly activated prior to conscious awareness.
A) schemas
B) emotions
C) stereotypes
D) memories

Accepted Answer

James's experience demonstrates how his emotions (fear) can be instantly activated prior to conscious awareness.

Question 16

According to terror-management theory,anxiety about our own mortality motivates us to enhance our
A) self-esteem.
B) collective unconscious.
C) erogenous zones.
D) free association.

Accepted Answer

According to terror-management theory, the anxiety about our own mortality creates the need to enhance our self-esteem and find meaning in life to cope with the fear of death.

Question 17

Freud believed in the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior;modern cognitive researchers believe that unconscious processes are a part of our ________,where cooler information processing occurs without our awareness.
A) collective unconscious
B) defense mechanisms
C) two-track mind
D) schemas

Accepted Answer

The idea of a "two-track mind" refers to the notion that our minds operate on two levels: a conscious level where we engage in deliberate, intentional thinking, and an unconscious level where automatic processing occurs without our awareness. This concept is supported by modern cognitive researchers, who see unconscious processes as an integral part of our mental functioning. Choices A, B, and D are related to Freud's psychoanalytic theory and are not as relevant to the modern understanding of the role of the unconscious mind in behavior.

Question 18

Years after his participation in terrifying military combat,Gordon continues to suffer intrusive anxiety-arousing images of his war experiences,which he wishes he could forget.Gordon's experience is most clearly inconsistent with Freud's concept of
A) erogenous zones.
B) free association.
C) archetypes.
D) repression.

Accepted Answer

Gordon's experience is inconsistent with Freud's concept of repression, as he is having intrusive memories and is unable to forget his war experiences. According to Freud, repression is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable impulses or memories from conscious awareness. However, Gordon's experience suggests that these memories may not always be successfully repressed.

Question 19

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize.This best illustrates the importance of
A) erogenous zones.
B) unconscious thought.
C) reaction formation.
D) the false consensus effect.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described relates to the concept of unconscious thought, as the split-brain patient's left hand is able to carry out instructions without the patient being aware of or able to verbalize them.

Question 20

Compare and contrast the projective tests described in the text.Give an example of an appropriate use of each test and provide criticisms of the Rorschach test in particular.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the projective tests described...

Quiz 45: Humanistic Perspective

Freud emphasized that stressful and painful experiences are repressed into the unconscious.But modern research has demonstrated

Compare and contrast the modern view of the unconscious mind with that of Freud.

Freud's defense mechanism of ________ has been confirmed by recent research.

Terror-management theory emphasizes that anxiety is triggered by an awareness of one's

Outline Freud's proposed stages of psychosexual development.

________,which are often unconscious,and implicit prejudice can automatically influence how people see those from other racial backgrounds,religions,and sexual orientations.

Freud's concept of projection is most similar to what today's researchers call

Stimuli to which we have not attended can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events.This best illustrates the importance of

Preliminary evidence suggests that those who unconsciously identify as homosexual-but who consciously identify as straight-report more negative attitudes toward gays than most people do.This best illustrates the defense mechanism known as

Charlotte was planning to drive to the grocery store;however,she inadvertently started taking her usual path to work.Freud might say that her mistake came from her ,but cognitive researchers would say that it was a result of confused .

Rusty is a heavy drinker who overestimates the extent to which other people also engage in heavy drinking.Rusty's overestimate best illustrates

James is walking home alone at night when he is suddenly startled and scared.A few seconds later,he realizes that he heard a noise and that it came from a stray cat.His experience demonstrates how ________ can be instantly activated prior to conscious awareness.

According to terror-management theory,anxiety about our own mortality motivates us to enhance our

Freud believed in the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior;modern cognitive researchers believe that unconscious processes are a part of our ________,where cooler information processing occurs without our awareness.

Years after his participation in terrifying military combat,Gordon continues to suffer intrusive anxiety-arousing images of his war experiences,which he wishes he could forget.Gordon's experience is most clearly inconsistent with Freud's concept of

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize.This best illustrates the importance of

Compare and contrast the projective tests described in the text.Give an example of an appropriate use of each test and provide criticisms of the Rorschach test in particular.