Question 1

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus of an animal is most likely to

Accepted Answer

Destruction of an appetite-suppressing area within the hypothalamus would result in the animal feeling hungrier and more likely to overeat, which could lead to becoming extremely fat. The set point for body weight, blood insulin levels, and basal metabolic rate are not directly affected by this kind of destruction.

Question 2

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors.Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

Accepted Answer

The term "settling point" is used by some researchers to describe the idea that our weight is not fixed, but rather influenced by a variety of factors including environment and biology. This suggests that our weight can fluctuate within a certain range, or "settling point," rather than being controlled solely by a rigid set point or "weight thermostat."

Question 3

Orexin is a ________ hormone secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Orexin is a hunger-arousing hormone, also known as hypocretin, that is secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 4

Forty-year-old Jim has exercised strenuously on and off all his life.Over the years,however,his body weight has remained close to 160 pounds,which was his body weight in college.His stable body weight best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Jim's stable body weight despite exercising and fluctuations in his lifestyle suggests that he has a set point - a genetically determined range of weight that his body maintains through physiological mechanisms. This set point helps regulate his metabolism and appetite to keep his weight relatively stable.

Question 5

The set point is

Accepted Answer

The set point refers to the specific body weight that most adults maintain automatically over long periods of time, which is option D. Options A, B, and C are not related to the concept of set point.

Question 6

Marcia has had classes all morning.Because she hasn't eaten since breakfast,she is now extremely hungry.Marcia's hunger is being triggered by the hormone ________,which is secreted by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Orexin is the hormone that stimulates hunger and is secreted by the hypothalamus. Leptin is a hormone that regulates energy balance and is secreted by adipose tissue. PYY is a hormone that suppresses appetite and is secreted by the small intestine. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it correctly identifies the hormone and the organ where it is secreted in response to hunger. D is incorrect because orexin is not secreted by the stomach. B is incorrect because leptin is not responsible for triggering hunger but rather for regulating energy balance. C is incorrect because PYY suppresses appetite rather than stimulates hunger.

Question 7

Leptin is a hunger-dampening hormone secreted by

Accepted Answer

Leptin is secreted by fat cells to help regulate energy balance by dampening hunger.

Question 8

When people with severe obesity undergo bypass surgery that seals off part of the stomach,the remaining stomach then produces much less

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and signals hunger to the brain. When a portion of the stomach is removed during bypass surgery, there is a significant reduction in ghrelin production. This reduction in ghrelin levels contributes to decreased hunger and increased satiety, leading to weight loss in patients.

Question 9

The concept of set point best illustrates an explanation of motivation in terms of

Accepted Answer

The concept of set point refers to the physiological level of a certain variable (such as body temperature or glucose levels) at which the body tries to maintain through negative feedback mechanisms in order to achieve homeostasis. Thus, set point theory suggests that motivation is driven by the body's need to maintain this stable state.

Question 10

Basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate refers to the amount of energy (calories) that the body uses at rest to maintain basic physiological functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and organ function. It is a measure of energy expenditure, which is the total amount of energy that a person's body uses in a day.

Question 11

Which area of the hypothalamus is a neural arc with a center that secretes appetite-stimulating hormones and another center that secretes appetite-suppressing hormones?

Accepted Answer

The area of the hypothalamus that contains both appetite-stimulating and appetite-suppressing centers is the arcuate nucleus. The stomach, pancreas, and liver are not directly involved in regulating appetite.

Question 12

Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone

Accepted Answer

PYY (peptide YY) is a hormone released by the gastrointestinal tract that signals to the brain to decrease feelings of hunger and increase feelings of fullness after eating. Ghrelin and orexin are hormones that increase feelings of hunger, while serotonin plays a role in regulating mood and appetite, but it is not directly involved in decreasing hunger.

Question 13

In addition to secreting the hunger-triggering hormone orexin,the ________ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is known to secrete several appetite-regulating hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y. It also contains specialized cells called orexin neurons that secrete the hunger-triggering hormone orexin. Therefore, the hypothalamus not only secretes appetite hormones but also monitors their levels in the body. The other brain regions listed, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum, are not primarily involved in regulating appetite.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the basic idea of a set point?

Accepted Answer

The basic idea of a set point is that the body has a natural weight set point that it strives to maintain by adjusting feelings of hunger and basal metabolic rate. People do not consciously choose or set their weight level. Choice A is therefore incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they involve setting basal metabolic rate or PYY levels, which is not a realistic or effective way of maintaining weight.

Question 15

Sonya has just finished a large birthday dinner.When the waiter offers to give her a complementary birthday dessert,she explains that she is not feeling hungry at the moment.This is likely because her

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite and is produced in the stomach. When levels of ghrelin are low, it can result in a decrease in appetite, which may explain why Sonya is not feeling hungry despite being offered a dessert.

Question 16

Surgeons removed a sizable part of Tom's stomach to prevent the spread of a cancerous tumor.Following a successful recovery,Tom's reduced appetite for food is most likely attributable to his body's reduced secretion of

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates appetite, so the reduced secretion of ghrelin due to the removal of part of the stomach would likely lead to a reduced appetite for food.

Question 17

In rats and humans,________ influences body type and approximate set point.

Accepted Answer

Heredity influences body type and approximate set point in both rats and humans, meaning that genes passed down from parents play a role in determining body shape and weight. Basal metabolic rate (A) and homeostasis (D) are also important factors in regulating body weight, but do not directly determine body type. The ecology of eating (B) may play a role in weight management, but is not directly related to heredity in determining body type.

Question 18

When an organism's weight rises above its set point,the organism is likely to experience a(n)

Accepted Answer

When an organism's weight rises above its set point, it is likely to experience a decrease in hunger and an increase in basal metabolic rate as the body attempts to return to its set point by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure.

Question 19

Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following observations seems to...

Question 20

To explain why,when we have unlimited access to various tasty foods,we tend to overeat and gain weight,some researchers use the term ________ to indicate a person's base weight level.

Accepted Answer

The term "settling point" is used to indicate a person's base weight level, which is the weight at which the body naturally settles when a person is eating a normal, balanced diet. When we have unlimited access to tasty foods, we tend to overeat and disrupt our settling point, causing weight gain. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, while basal metabolic rate and metabolism refer to the body's energy expenditure and chemical processes, respectively, and are not directly related to the concept of settling point.

Quiz 33: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence