Question 1

Briefly explain Darwin's theory regarding language.

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Question 2

Why do gene frequencies in a population change? Why don't they stay the same from one generation to the next? Explain how the processes of mutation,crossover,and natural selection can provide an answer to these questions.

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Question 3

What evidence is there to support the statement that children who are not exposed to an adult language may invent a language of their own?

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Question 4

What is "practice play"? How might it be beneficial in an evolutionary sense?

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Question 5

Evolutionary biologists often start with an observation about some characteristic and then try to account for it in evolutionary terms.How might they explain the difference in the plumage of male peacocks when compared to the females?

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Question 6

The authors note that children use words in ways that adults never would.Create your own example of the overregularization error and explain how it supports Chomsky's position.

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Question 7

What is the human genome? What is the current estimate of the number of genes in the human genome?

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Question 8

Why do gene frequencies in a population change? Why don't they stay the same from one generation to the next? Explain how the processes of mutation and crossing over can provide an answer to these questions.

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Question 9

In what way does the communication of humans differ from that of other species?

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Question 10

Some theorists give experience a greater role in regard to language acquisition than does Chomsky.Explain their concept of neural networks and the role that they suggest parents play in fostering language development.

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Question 11

What do evolutionary psychologists mean when they say that the human mind developed as a collection of specialized and independent modules? How have critics responded to this assumption?

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Question 12

What two processes,during the formation of sperm and eggs,help explain genetic changes within a population?

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Question 13

Almost all human characteristics result from an interaction of nature and nurture,rather than from either by itself.

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Most characteristics are a combination of genetic predispositions (nature) and environmental influences (nurture). It is rare for a characteristic to be solely determined by either nature or nurture alone.

Question 14

Because of the way that humans evolved,many of our characteristics either are present at birth or develop rapidly during maturation.Some of these characteristics,such as standing on two legs,are obvious.Name and describe five of the less obvious traits that are highlighted in the textbook.

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Question 15

Contrast Chomsky's concepts of surface structure and deep structure.

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Question 16

According to Chomsky,children must apply rules of grammar in order to transform the surface structure of language into its deep structure.Create your own example to explain how two surface structures can have one deep structure.Then create another example to show how one surface structure can have an ambiguous meaning leading to two deep structures.[Be creative - don't use the examples from the textbook.]

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Question 17

How might you determine whether flute-playing ability is a highly heritable trait? If you want to improve your flute playing and someone tells you that musical ability is heritable,should you stop practicing?

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Question 18

What are the results of the two opposite sexual strategies of men and women according to sociobiological theory?

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Question 19

Why do behavioral geneticists seek adopted children as subjects in studies of variability?

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Question 20

Describe three stressful family circumstances that have been associated with reduced mental ability in the child.

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Quiz 3: Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment