Question 1

In social science there are no ultimately true meanings for any of the concepts that social scientists typically study. So, the meaning of a given response to a question depends in large part on the wording of the question. That is true of every question and answer. Sometimes the manner in which a question is asked, it seems to encourage particular response. Such questions are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A. The correct answer is "A" because when a question seems to encourage particular response, the respondents' response gets affected. They are more likely to respond in the way that the question is encouraging rather than what they really thought or believed. Such questions are called biased questions. They are not unbiased questions.
B. This is an incorrect answer because when a question seems to encourage particular response, the respondents' response gets affected. They are more likely to respond in the way that the question is encouraging rather than what they really thought or believed. Such questions are called biased questions
C. This is an incorrect answer because when a question seems to encourage particular response, the respondents' response gets affected. They are more likely to respond in the way that the question is encouraging rather than what they really thought or believed. Such questions are called biased questions. They are not open-ended questions.
D. This is an incorrect answer because when a question seems to encourage particular response, the respondents' response gets affected. They are more likely to respond in the way that the question is encouraging rather than what they really thought or believed. Such questions are called biased questions. They are not double-barreled questions.

Question 2

Victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called Targeted Victim Surveys.

Accepted Answer

Targeted Victim Surveys are surveys conducted in specific cities or neighborhoods to evaluate policy innovations and gather data on victimization within that area.

Question 3

Even though questionnaire suggests that it will be a collection of questions, typically a questionnaire has as many statements as questions. This is because researchers often are interested in determining the extent to which respondents hold a particular attitude or perspective. Researchers try to summarize the attitude in a fairly brief statement; then they present that statement and ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with it. Using both statements as questions in a questionnaire adds _____ of items.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because researchers often are interested in determining the extent to which respondents hold a particular attitude or perspective. Researchers try to summarize the attitude in a fairly brief statement; then they present that statement and ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with it. Using both statements as questions in a questionnaire adds flexibility not inflexibility.
B. This is an incorrect answer because researchers often are interested in determining the extent to which respondents hold a particular attitude or perspective. Researchers try to summarize the attitude in a fairly brief statement; then they present that statement and ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with it. Using both statements as questions in a questionnaire adds flexibility not organization.
C. The correct answer is "C" because researchers often are interested in determining the extent to which respondents hold a particular attitude or perspective. Researchers try to summarize the attitude in a fairly brief statement; then they present that statement and ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with it. Using both statements as questions in a questionnaire adds flexibility not inflexibility, organization, or order.
D. This is an incorrect answer because researchers often are interested in determining the extent to which respondents hold a particular attitude or perspective. Researchers try to summarize the attitude in a fairly brief statement; then they present that statement and ask respondents whether they agree or disagree with it. Using both statements as questions in a questionnaire adds flexibility not order.

Question 4

Sometimes researchers ask respondents for a single answer to a combination question. A researcher asks respondents to agree or disagree with the statement "The Department of Corrections should stop releasing inmates for weekend furloughs and concentrate on rehabilitating criminals." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because this is an example of double-barrel questions not open ended questions. Since the responses "agree" or "disagree" with the statement are provided, the respondent cannot pick any other response but one of these. So it is not an open ended question.
B. This is an incorrect answer because this is an example of double-barrel questions not open ended questions. Since the responses "agree" or "disagree" with the statement are provided, the respondent cannot pick any other response but one of these. So it is a close-ended question but not an open and close-ended question.
C. This is an incorrect answer because this is an example of double-barrel questions not open ended questions. Since the responses "agree" or "disagree" with the statement are provided, the respondent cannot pick any other response but one of these. So it is t not a simple instrument question.
D. The correct answer is "D" because this is an example of double-barrel questions since the respondent is asking two questions responses -1) stop releasing inmates for weekend furloughs and 2) concentrate on rehabilitating. The respondent will not be able to answer correctly if the respondent wants to stop releasing inmates for weekend furloughs but not 2) concentrate on rehabilitating.

Question 5

Whenever more than one interviewer will administer a survey, it is essential that the efforts be carefully coordinated and controlled. Two ways to ensure this control are by 1) training interviewers, and 2) supervising them after they begin work. Even though the interviewers may be involved only in the data collection phase of the project, they should understand _____ they gather and what purpose will be served.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because whenever more than one interviewer will administer a survey, it is essential that the efforts be carefully coordinated and controlled. Two ways to ensure this control are by 1) training interviewers, and 2) supervising them after they begin work. Even though the interviewers may be involved only in the data collection phase of the project, they should understand what will be done with the information they gather not what should be the way to disseminate the information.
B. This is an incorrect answer because whenever more than one interviewer will administer a survey, it is essential that the efforts be carefully coordinated and controlled. Two ways to ensure this control are by 1) training interviewers, and 2) supervising them after they begin work. Even though the interviewers may be involved only in the data collection phase of the project, they should understand what will be done with the information they gather not what is the protocol to destroy the information.
C. This is an incorrect answer because whenever more than one interviewer will administer a survey, it is essential that the efforts be carefully coordinated and controlled. Two ways to ensure this control are by 1) training interviewers, and 2) supervising them after they begin work. Even though the interviewers may be involved only in the data collection phase of the project, they should understand what will be done with the information they gather not what needs to be done to clean up the information.
D. The correct answer is "D" answer because whenever more than one interviewer will administer a survey, it is essential that the efforts be carefully coordinated and controlled. Two ways to ensure this control are by 1) training interviewers, and 2) supervising them after they begin work. Even though the interviewers may be involved only in the data collection phase of the project, they should understand what will be done with the information they gather not what is the protocol to destroy the information.

Question 6

Survey research is, of necessity, based on an unrealistic stimulus-response theory of cognition and behavior. It is based on the assumption that a questionnaire item will mean the same thing to every respondent, and every given response must mean the same thing when given by different respondents. Although this is an impossible goal, survey questions are drafted to approximate the ideal as closely as possible. The interviewer assists to accomplish this goal by being a _____through which questions and answers are transmitted.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because since the assumption that a questionnaire item will mean the same thing to every respondent, and every given response must mean the same thing when given by different respondents is not a realistic impossible, the interviewers are used to assist. In order to accomplish this goal an interviewers should serve as a neutral medium through which questions and answers are transmitted, not ready to respond.
B. This is an incorrect answer because since the assumption that a questionnaire item will mean the same thing to every respondent, and every given response must mean the same thing when given by different respondents is not a realistic impossible, the interviewers are used to assist. In order to accomplish this goal an interviewers should serve as a neutral medium through which questions and answers are transmitted, not ready to respond.
C. This is an incorrect answer because since the assumption that a questionnaire item will mean the same thing to every respondent, and every given response must mean the same thing when given by different respondents is not a realistic impossible, the interviewers are used to assist. In order to accomplish this goal an interviewers should serve as a neutral medium through which questions and answers are transmitted, not ready to respond.
D. The correct answer is "D" because since the assumption that a questionnaire item will mean the same thing to every respondent, and every given response must mean the same thing when given by different respondents is not a realistic impossible, the interviewers are used to assist. In order to accomplish this goal an interviewers should serve as a neutral medium through which questions and answers are transmitted, not ready to respond.

Question 7

Self-Report surveys are used to ask people about crimes they may have committed seeks to explore or explain why people commit criminal, delinquent, or deviant acts.

Accepted Answer

This is true because surveys used to ask people about crimes they may have committed seeks to explore or explain why people commit criminal, delinquent, or deviant acts and people themselves are reporting on their behavior.

Question 8

One of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research is survey research. Surveys may be used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, but never for applied research.

Accepted Answer

Surveys can be used for both basic and applied research. Applied research typically involves using research findings to solve practical problems, while basic research focuses on expanding knowledge and understanding. Surveys can be used in both types of research to collect data and answer research questions.

Question 9

Telephone surveys are fast and have many advantages that make them a popular method. The greatest advantages involve _____.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because these are called face - to - face interviews because rather than asking respondents to read questionnaires and enter their own answers, researchers send interviewers to ask the questions orally and record respondents' answers.. These types of interviews are best for complex questionnaires and other specialized needs.
B. The correct answer is "B" because This is an incorrect answer because these are called face - to - face interviews because rather than asking respondents to read questionnaires and enter their own answers, researchers send interviewers to ask the questions orally and record respondents' answers.. These types of interviews are best for complex questionnaires and other specialized needs.
C. This is an incorrect answer because these are called face - to - face interviews because rather than asking respondents to read questionnaires and enter their own answers, researchers send interviewers to ask the questions orally and record respondents' answers.. These types of interviews are best for complex questionnaires and other specialized needs.
D. This is an incorrect answer because these are called face - to - face interviews because rather than asking respondents to read questionnaires and enter their own answers, researchers send interviewers to ask the questions orally and record respondents' answers.. These types of interviews are best for complex questionnaires and other specialized needs.

Question 10

General Social Survey is an ongoing survey of social indicators in the United States. Questions about fear of crime and other perceptions of crime problems are regularly included. Since the 1970s, a growing number of explanatory studies have been conducted on public perceptions of crime and crime problems. Victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called Targeted Victim Surveys. Many criminal justice programs seek to prevent or reduce crime in a specific area, but crimes reported to police cannot be used to evaluate many types of programs. General Social Survey is an ongoing survey of social indicators in the United States. Questions about fear of crime and other perceptions of crime problems are regularly included.
B. This is an incorrect answer because victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called Targeted Victim Surveys. Many criminal justice programs seek to prevent or reduce crime in a specific area, but crimes reported to police cannot be used to evaluate many types of programs. General Social Survey is an ongoing survey of social indicators in the United States. Questions about fear of crime and other perceptions of crime problems are regularly included.
C. The correct answer is "C" because victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called Targeted Victim Surveys. Many criminal justice programs seek to prevent or reduce crime in a specific area, but crimes reported to police cannot be used to evaluate many types of programs. General Social Survey is an ongoing survey of social indicators in the United States. Questions about fear of crime and other perceptions of crime problems are regularly included.
D. This is an incorrect answer because victim surveys that target individual cities or neighborhoods are important tools for evaluating policy innovations are called Targeted Victim Surveys. Many criminal justice programs seek to prevent or reduce crime in a specific area, but crimes reported to police cannot be used to evaluate many types of programs. General Social Survey is an ongoing survey of social indicators in the United States. Questions about fear of crime and other perceptions of crime problems are regularly included.

Question 11

They are best suited for studies that have individual people as the units of analysis. When they are used for other units of analysis such as households or organizations one or more individual people act as respondent or informant.

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling is most appropriate for studies where individual people are the units of analysis. When studying other units of analysis, such as households or organizations, typically one or more individuals within that unit will be chosen as the respondents or informants.

Question 12

Focus groups are _____ used to develop or elaborate understanding of complex topics. Focus groups are most useful when precise generalization to a larger population is not necessary and the focus groups participants and the larger population are relatively homogeneous.

Accepted Answer

A. The correct answer is "A" because focus groups are semi-structured group interviews used to develop or elaborate understanding of complex topics. This means that although the respondents in the groups are allowed to express their opinions and respond to the questions without much restrictions or limits, they are provided guidance by the researcher or the facilitator.
B. This is an incorrect answer because focus groups are semi-structured group interviews used to develop or elaborate understanding of complex topics. This means that although the respondents in the groups are allowed to express their opinions and respond to the questions without much restrictions or limits, they are provided guidance by the researcher or the facilitator. In semi-structured interviews, there are limits and restrictions.
C. This is an incorrect answer because focus groups are semi-structured group interviews used to develop or elaborate understanding of complex topics. This means that although the respondents in the groups are allowed to express their opinions and respond to the questions without much restrictions or limits, they are provided guidance by the researcher or the facilitator. In semi-structured interviews, there are limits and restrictions.
D. This is an incorrect answer because focus groups are semi-structured group interviews used to develop or elaborate understanding of complex topics. This means that although the respondents in the groups are allowed to express their opinions and respond to the questions without much restrictions or limits, they are provided guidance by the researcher or the facilitator. In semi-structured interviews, there are limits and restrictions.

Question 13

The most common data collection method in social science is asking people questions. This is called survey research. This is one of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research. Surveys are used for descriptive, _____, and applied research.

Accepted Answer

A. The correct answer is "A" because the most common data collection method in social science is asking people questions. This is called survey research. This is one of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research. Surveys are used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, and applied research. Both explanatory and exploratory are forms of basic research.
B. This is an incorrect answer because the most common data collection method in social science is asking people questions. This is called survey research. This is one of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research. Surveys are used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, and applied research. Both explanatory and exploratory are forms of basic research.
C. This is an incorrect answer because the most common data collection method in social science is asking people questions. This is called survey research. This is one of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research. Surveys are used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, and applied research. Both explanatory and exploratory are forms of basic research.
D. This is an incorrect answer because the most common data collection method in social science is asking people questions. This is called survey research. This is one of the research methods used in basic and applied criminal justice research. Surveys are used for descriptive, explanatory, exploratory, and applied research. Both explanatory and exploratory are forms of basic research.

Question 14

In order to obtain an elaboration of a response that may be as terse as "Pretty bad" the interviewer may have to use some probes to get an elaboration on what the respondent really means by "Pretty bad". Sometimes, the best probe is _____, for example, if the interviewer sits quietly with pencil poised, the respondent will probably fill the pause with additional comments.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because when a response that may be as terse as "Pretty bad" a loud response will not get any clear response. The interviewer may just stay quiet giving the respondent an opportunity to elaborate the response. So, sometimes, the best probe is silence, for example, if the interviewer sits quietly with pencil poised, the respondent will probably fill the pause with additional comments.
B. The correct is "B" answer because when a response that may be as terse as "Pretty bad". The interviewer may just stay quiet giving the respondent an opportunity to elaborate the response. So, sometimes, the best probe is silence, for example, if the interviewer sits quietly with pencil poised, the respondent will probably fill the pause with additional comments.
C. This is an incorrect answer because when a response that may be as terse as "Pretty bad" another question will not get any clear response. The interviewer may just stay quiet giving the respondent an opportunity to elaborate the response. So, sometimes, the best probe is silence, for example, if the interviewer sits quietly with pencil poised, the respondent will probably fill the pause with additional comments
D. This is an incorrect answer because when a response that may be as terse as "Pretty bad" another question will not get any clear response. The interviewer may just stay quiet giving the respondent an opportunity to elaborate the response. So, sometimes, the best probe is silence, for example, if the interviewer sits quietly with pencil poised, the respondent will probably fill the pause with additional comments

Question 15

When certain questions are relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others, the researcher may choose to questions to screen and determine to whom the question is relevant and then ask a series of questions to investigate the attitudes of those to whom the question is actually relevant. These questions are called _____ because they are asked and answered contingent on the response to the first question in the series.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because when certain questions are relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others, the researcher may choose to questions to screen and determine to whom the question is relevant and then ask a series of questions to investigate the attitudes of those to whom the question is actually relevant. These questions are contingency questions because they are asked and answered contingent on the response to the first question in the series.
B. This is an incorrect answer because when certain questions are relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others, the researcher may choose to questions to screen and determine to whom the question is relevant and then ask a series of questions to investigate the attitudes of those to whom the question is actually relevant. These questions are contingency questions because they are asked and answered contingent on the response to the first question in the series.
C. The correct answer is "C" because when certain questions are relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others, the researcher may choose to questions to screen and determine to whom the question is relevant and then ask a series of questions to investigate the attitudes of those to whom the question is actually relevant. These questions are contingency questions because they are asked and answered contingent on the response to the first question in the series.
D. This is an incorrect answer because when certain questions are relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others, the researcher may choose to questions to screen and determine to whom the question is relevant and then ask a series of questions to investigate the attitudes of those to whom the question is actually relevant. These questions are contingency questions because they are asked and answered contingent on the response to the first question in the series.

Question 16

The National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS) cannot be used to evaluate local crime prevention programs. This is because the NCVS is designed to represent the national population of persons who live in households. The NCVS is _____ and it is not possible to identify the specific location of victimizations from the NCVS data

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because the National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS) cannot be used to evaluate local crime prevention programs. This is because the NCVS is designed to represent the national population of persons who live in households. So, the NCVS is not representative of any particular local jurisdiction and it is not possible to identify the specific location of victimizations from the NCVS data.
B. This is an incorrect answer because the National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS) cannot be used to evaluate local crime prevention programs. This is because the NCVS is designed to represent the national population of persons who live in households. The NCVS is not representative of any particular local jurisdiction and it is not possible to identify the specific location of victimizations from the NCVS data.
C. This is an incorrect answer because the National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS) cannot be used to evaluate local crime prevention programs. This is because the NCVS is designed to represent the national population of persons who live in households. The NCVS is not representative of any particular local jurisdiction and it is not possible to identify the specific location of victimizations from the NCVS data.
D. The correct answer is "D" because the National Crime Victimization Survey NCVS) cannot be used to evaluate local crime prevention programs. This is because the NCVS is designed to represent the national population of persons who live in households. The NCVS is not representative of any particular local jurisdiction and it is not possible to identify the specific location of victimizations from the NCVS data.

Question 17

In asking questions, researchers have two basic options - the Open-ended questions and Closed-ended questions. Each of these can accommodate certain variations. Let us say the respondent is asked, "What do you feel is the most important crime problem facing the police in your city today?" and be provided with a space to write in the answer or be asked to report it orally to an interviewer). This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A. The correct answer is "A" because in a question like "What do you feel is the most important crime problem facing the police in your city today?" The respondent is provided space to write the response without any limit or restriction.
B. This is an incorrect answer because in a question like "What do you feel is the most important crime problem facing the police in your city today?" The respondent is provided space to write the response without any limit or restriction. In a close a closed-ended question the respondent is asked to select an answer from among a list provided by the researcher. Thus their responses are limited to the provided choices.
C. This is an incorrect answer because in a question like "What do you feel is the most important crime problem facing the police in your city today?" The respondent is provided space to write the response without any limit or restriction. In a close a closed-ended question the respondent is asked to select an answer from among a list provided by the researcher. Thus their responses are limited to the provided choices.
D. This is an incorrect answer because in a question like "What do you feel is the most important crime problem facing the police in your city today?" The respondent is provided space to write the response without any limit or restriction. In a close a closed-ended question the respondent is asked to select an answer from among a list provided by the researcher. Thus their responses are limited to the provided choices.

Question 18

Surveys in criminal justice are commonly used to learn how people feel about crime and criminal justice policy. Public views about sentencing policies, gun control, police performance, and drug abuse are often solicited in opinion polls.

Accepted Answer

This is true because another application of surveys in criminal justice is to learn how people feel about crime and criminal justice policy. Public views about sentencing policies, gun control, police performance, and drug abuse are often solicited in opinion polls.

Question 19

The most important feature of survey research is how questions are asked. If research concepts are operationalized correctly in the research a questionnaire, then the information collected will be the most useful. Otherwise it can result in collecting _____ information.

Accepted Answer

A. This is an incorrect answer because if research concepts are not operationalized correctly in the research a questionnaire, then the information collected will useless, unnecessary and even misleading.
B. The correct answer is "B" because if research concepts are not operationalized correctly in the research a questionnaire, then the information collected will useless, unnecessary and even misleading.
C. This is an incorrect answer because if research concepts are not operationalized correctly in the research a questionnaire, then the information collected will useless, unnecessary and even misleading.
D. This is an incorrect answer because if research concepts are not operationalized correctly in the research a questionnaire, then the information collected will useless, unnecessary and even misleading.

Quiz 7: Section 2: Survey Research