Question 1

Shortly after it was discovered, LSD was initially used primarily

Accepted Answer

LSD was first discovered in 1943 by Albert Hofmann while working at Sandoz Laboratories in Switzerland. It was initially used as a research tool to understand the biochemical basis of psychosis, as Hofmann believed that LSD could mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia. It was not until later that LSD became popular among counterculture and religious groups for its psychedelic effects.

Question 2

Which of the following drugs contributes most to the annual monetary cost to U.S.society because of substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol contributes the most to the annual monetary cost to U.S. society because of substance abuse, with an estimated cost of $249 billion per year, which is higher than heroin, cocaine, and nicotine combined.

Question 3

According to national surveys, in comparison with the drug use patterns in the mid-1970s in the United States, which drug has there been a significant increase in the use of by high school students?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

What was Sigmund Freud's contribution to the field of psychopharmacology?

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

In the past, which of the following consequences of the illegality of drugs has commonly occurred?

Accepted Answer

When drugs are illegal, individuals may be more likely to use hazardous methods of administering the drugs, such as injecting, in order to avoid detection. This can lead to a higher risk of overdose and other negative health consequences. The other choices are unlikely consequences of the illegality of drugs.

Question 6

The use of psychoactive drugs for non-medicinal purposes

Accepted Answer

The use of psychoactive drugs for non-medicinal purposes has been noted to occur in many cultures across many centuries. Historical records show that various substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, and hallucinogens, have been used for their psychoactive effects in different parts of the world throughout history. This practice is not restricted only to Western cultures and has been a part of human behavior for a long time.

Question 7

Empirical evidence suggests that providing educational information to children and adolescents on the hazards of nonmedicinal drug use has

Accepted Answer

Although education on the hazards of nonmedicinal drug use is important, research has shown that it has had minimal impact on the actual use of recreational drugs by children and adolescents. Other factors such as peer pressure and availability of drugs play a larger role in influencing drug use.

Question 8

The use of drugs to alter psychological functioning has been documented to occur as far back as

Accepted Answer

The use of drugs to alter psychological functioning has been a part of human history for centuries. Historical evidence suggests that drugs such as alcohol and opium were used for their psychoactive properties as far back as ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece.

Question 9

The discovery of chlorpromazine's benefits in the treatment of psychosis led to further research with a variety of psychotropic drugs.The therapeutic value of which drug was initially overlooked because of this discovery?

Accepted Answer

The discovery of chlorpromazine's benefits in the treatment of psychosis led to a strong focus on the use of antipsychotic medications, and the potential benefits of mood stabilizing medications, such as lithium salts, were initially overlooked. It wasn't until many years later that lithium was found to be an effective treatment for bipolar disorder.

Question 10

In the 1950s which of the following drugs led to widespread systematic research on drugs that could specifically reduce the symptoms of mental disorders?

Accepted Answer

Chlorpromazine, also known as Thorazine, was the first antipsychotic medication developed in the 1950s that effectively reduced symptoms of psychosis, leading to further research on drugs that could treat mental disorders. LSD, morphine, and cocaine are not typically used to treat mental disorders and did not lead to the same level of systematic research on the topic.

Question 11

When did the modern era of psychopharmacology begin and what events were most associated with its beginning?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Psychopharmacology most directly deals with the study of drugs on

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which of the following is the leading cause of mortality in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of mortality in the United States, responsible for approximately 480,000 deaths per year. Heroin and cocaine overdoses, as well as alcohol-associated accidents, are significant public health concerns, but they do not surpass the mortality rate caused by cigarette smoking.

Question 14

Describe the "harm reduction" approach to dealing with drug abuse.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

In most cultures "using drugs" to alter mood and behavior was/is:

Accepted Answer

Using drugs to alter mood and behavior was/is a common occurrence in many cultures across different time periods. From the use of hallucinogens in indigenous communities to the consumption of alcohol in Western societies, altering consciousness with the help of drugs has been a significant part of human history. While there may have been restrictions or regulations around drug use in some cultures, it was not typically restricted to a particular gender or restricted solely to medical practitioners.

Question 16

The use of substances for their intoxicating properties appears to be evidenced

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that many animal species, including primates, elephants, and even domesticated pets, seek out and use substances for their intoxicating effects. This suggests that the use of drugs is not unique to humans or industrialized societies, but is instead a behavior that has evolved across different species.

Question 17

In the mid-1800s, the French physician Moreau de Tours published a book focusing on the behavioral effects of what substance?

Accepted Answer

Moreau de Tours published a book in the mid-1800s titled "Du Haschisch et de l'aliénation mentale" which translates to "On Haschisch and Mental Alienation," focusing on the behavioral effects of hashish.

Question 18

Over the past 50 years or so, most of the money the U.S.government has spent in the attempt to reduce drug abuse has gone towards

Accepted Answer

The majority of U.S. government spending aimed at combating drug abuse over the past 50 years has been directed towards reducing the supply of illegal drugs in the country, through measures such as law enforcement and border control efforts.

Question 19

What events led to the position taken by the Food and Drug Administration that tobacco should be regulated by the agency?

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

The effects of a psychoactive drug on behavior that do not depend on the drug's particular molecular structure are the result of

Accepted Answer

The effects of a psychoactive drug on behavior that do not depend on the drug's particular molecular structure are due to the person's set and expectancy. This refers to the individual's mindset, expectations, and beliefs about the drug and its effects. A person's set and expectancy can influence their mood, behavior, and perception of the drug's effects. For example, if a person expects a drug to make them feel relaxed and happy, they may experience those effects even if the drug itself does not have those properties.

Quiz 1: Psychopharmacology in Perspective