Question 1

Newborns of narcotic dependent women
A)tend to have lower birth weights and are more excitable and irritable than normal babies
B)show the same physical abnormalities as the fetal alcohol syndrome
C)generally don't show any abnormal problems at birth
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Newborns of narcotic dependent women tend to have lower birth weights and are more excitable and irritable than normal babies. They may also experience withdrawal symptoms such as tremors, seizures, and difficulty feeding.

Question 2

Briefly describe the system the British presently use in dealing with heroin addiction.

Accepted Answer

Since the early 1900s, the British have viewed addiction as a medical problem.Thus, they have allowed physicians to prescribe heroin, while criminal penalties are applied for the illicit sale of opiates.They presently allow only specially licensed physicians to prescribe heroin (or cocaine) for the addict, but they tend to emphasize the use of oral methadone.Although most of these physicians are affiliated with special Drug Dependence Units, any physician can apply for a license.

Question 3

What are three pharmacological characteristics that distinguish morphine from cocaine?

Accepted Answer

Morphine: reduces wakefulness and alertness; is an agonist at enkephalin receptors; can induce very uncomfortable withdrawal following chronic use; induces effects blocked by opiate antagonists; has potent analgesic properties; induces respiratory depression; induces constipation; constricts pupils.Cocaine: enhances wakefulness and alertness; blocks dopamine reuptake; induces no severe withdrawal following chronic use; effects not blocked by opiate antagonists; has little or no analgesic qualities-although it can act as a local anesthetic; induces no respiratory depression or constipation; dilates pupils.

Question 4

With chronic exposure, which of these opioids will result in tolerance to many of its effects?
A)heroin
B)methadone
C)enkephalins
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

Chronic exposure to opioids, including heroin, methadone, and endogenous opioids like enkephalins, results in tolerance to many of their effects. This means that over time, higher doses of the drug are required to achieve the same effect, which is a common characteristic of opioid use.

Question 5

What are three pharmacological characteristics of buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex) or LAAM (Orlamm) that would make them potentially useful in the treatment of heroin addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three pharmacological characteristics of buprenorphine...

Question 6

The euphorigenic properties of opiates like morphine are believed to be due to their activity at which type of receptor?
A)mu
B)kappa
C)sigma
D)5-HT

Accepted Answer

The euphorigenic properties of morphine are believed to be due to their activity at mu-opioid receptors, which are primarily responsible for mediating the analgesic and rewarding effects of opioids. Activation of these receptors can result in the release of dopamine, which is associated with the pleasurable effects of drugs of abuse. Kappa and sigma opioid receptors are also involved in the effects of opioids, but they are less associated with euphoria and more involved in other aspects of opioid activity, such as dysphoria and sedation. 5-HT (serotonin) receptors are not directly involved in the activity of opiates.

Question 7

Which of these is the most potent and short-acting narcotic?
A)morphine
B)heroin
C)fentanyl
D)methadone

Accepted Answer

Fentanyl is the most potent and short-acting narcotic among these options. It is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine and has a shorter duration of action, making it a preferred choice for acute pain management and surgical procedures. Heroin is also a potent narcotic, but its effects last longer than fentanyl. Methadone is a synthetic opioid used to treat opioid addiction and chronic pain, but it has a slower onset of action and longer duration than fentanyl.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a common effect of opiates?
A)pupillary dilation
B)constipation
C)decreased sex drive
D)decreased rate of respiration

Accepted Answer

Pupillary constriction (not dilation) is a common effect of opiates due to their action on the autonomic nervous system. The other options (constipation, decreased sex drive, and decreased rate of respiration) are all known effects of opiates.

Question 9

Heroin differs from morphine primarily with respect to its
A)neuropharmacological effects
B)relative ability to cross the blood brain barrier
C)degree of analgesia when taken orally
D)molecular structure

Accepted Answer

Heroin is more lipid-soluble than morphine, allowing it to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily, leading to faster and more intense effects.

Question 10

Which of the following opioid peptides has properties of synthetic opiates?
A)enkephalins
B)endorphins
C)dynorphins
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

All of these (enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins) are opioid peptides that mimic the properties of synthetic opiates by interacting with opioid receptors in the brain to modulate pain and emotion.

Question 11

Compare and contrast the relative efficacy of methadone (Dolophine) and naltrexone (ReVia) in the treatment of heroin addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the relative efficacy of...

Question 12

The use of heroin under sterile conditions has been associated with lesions and/or cell death in the
A)kidney
B)liver
C)brain
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of heroin under sterile conditions...

Question 13

The abstinence syndrome associated with withdrawal from chronic heroin use is generally ________________________ with methadone withdrawal.
A)less severe than
B)more intense than
C)longer lasting than
D)the same intensity and duration as

Accepted Answer

Heroin withdrawal is generally more intense than methadone withdrawal, although methadone withdrawal can last longer. Methadone is often used in treatment to help manage withdrawal symptoms due to its longer half-life and less intense withdrawal effects.

Question 14

Methadone is
A)more potent than heroin or morphine
B)less potent than heroin or morphine
C)neither a nor b because methadone is a narcotic antagonist
D)either a or b could be true depending upon the route of administration and what the drugs are taken for

Accepted Answer

The potency of methadone relative to heroin or morphine depends upon the route of administration and what the drugs are taken for. Methadone can be more or less potent than heroin or morphine depending upon these factors.

Question 15

Which of the following would narcotic addicts being treated for their addiction most likely to continue taking on a maintenance basis?
A)naloxone
B)naltrexone
C)methadone
D)clonidine

Accepted Answer

Methadone is a synthetic opioid that is commonly used in medication-assisted treatment programs for narcotic addiction. It works by reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings, helping individuals to maintain abstinence from other opioids. Unlike naloxone and naltrexone, which are used to reverse opioid overdoses and prevent relapse but do not reduce withdrawal symptoms or cravings, methadone can be taken on a maintenance basis to support long-term recovery. Clonidine is sometimes used to manage withdrawal symptoms, but it is not typically used for maintenance treatment of narcotic addiction.

Question 16

The abstinence syndrome associated with opiate withdrawal
A)is similar to the symptoms of a severe flu
B)is often life-threatening
C)can be terminated with alcohol intake
D)can be terminated with a narcotic antagonist

Accepted Answer

The abstinence syndrome associated with opiate withdrawal is often compared to severe flu symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, sweating, and muscle aches, but it is generally not life-threatening and cannot be terminated with alcohol intake or a narcotic antagonist.

Question 17

A primary advantage to the use of methadone over most other narcotics like morphine and heroin
A)is its ability to be reliably absorbed when taken orally
B)is its relatively long duration of action
C)is its more gradual and stable effects
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Methadone's ability to be reliably absorbed when taken orally, its relatively long duration of action, and its more gradual and stable effects make it a primary advantage over most other narcotics like morphine and heroin. This makes it an effective treatment for opioid addiction and chronic pain management.

Question 18

What are three features of narcotics that distinguish them pharmacologically from other drugs with sedative-hypnotic properties, such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three features of narcotics that...

Question 19

What factors account for the majority of deaths associated with heroin use?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors account for the majority of...

Question 20

Both methadone (Dolophine) and naltrexone (ReVia), drugs with very difference pharmacological properties, have been used in the treatment of heroin addiction.What is/are the rationales for the use of methadone and naltrexone in this problem?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both methadone (Dolophine) and naltrexone (ReVia), drugs...

Quiz 12: Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Opiates and Their Antagonists

Newborns of narcotic dependent women

Briefly describe the system the British presently use in dealing with heroin addiction.

What are three pharmacological characteristics that distinguish morphine from cocaine?

With chronic exposure, which of these opioids will result in tolerance to many of its effects?

What are three pharmacological characteristics of buprenorphine (Suboxone, Subutex) or LAAM (Orlamm) that would make them potentially useful in the treatment of heroin addiction?

The euphorigenic properties of opiates like morphine are believed to be due to their activity at which type of receptor?

Which of these is the most potent and short-acting narcotic?

Which of the following is not a common effect of opiates?

Heroin differs from morphine primarily with respect to its

Which of the following opioid peptides has properties of synthetic opiates?

Compare and contrast the relative efficacy of methadone (Dolophine) and naltrexone (ReVia) in the treatment of heroin addiction.

The use of heroin under sterile conditions has been associated with lesions and/or cell death in the

The abstinence syndrome associated with withdrawal from chronic heroin use is generally ________________________ with methadone withdrawal.

Methadone is

Which of the following would narcotic addicts being treated for their addiction most likely to continue taking on a maintenance basis?

The abstinence syndrome associated with opiate withdrawal

A primary advantage to the use of methadone over most other narcotics like morphine and heroin

What are three features of narcotics that distinguish them pharmacologically from other drugs with sedative-hypnotic properties, such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

What factors account for the majority of deaths associated with heroin use?

Both methadone (Dolophine) and naltrexone (ReVia), drugs with very difference pharmacological properties, have been used in the treatment of heroin addiction.What is/are the rationales for the use of methadone and naltrexone in this problem?