Question 1

Describe each of the six enabling propositions that teachers must follow to ensure that their classrooms are safe, welcoming, inclusive and enabling.

Accepted Answer

Student's responses need to include:
• Independent access-ensuring all students can access the space and relevant learning activities in it independently.
• Existence of prerequisite skills-ensuring all students have the prerequisite functioning skills to participate in each learning activity.
• Adequacy of social skills-ensuring all students have the appropriate social skills to participate effectively in the learning activity.
• Existence of social networks-ensuring all students can develop personal friendships.
• Valued membership-ensuring all students are valued members of the class.
• Active involvement-ensuring all students are actively involved in the organisation of their own learning.

Question 2

The six propositions are fundamental for students with ________ impairments.
A) cognitive, sensory and physical
B) social, learning and cognitive
C) learning, sensory and cognitive
D) physical, social and learning

Accepted Answer

The six propositions are designed for students with cognitive, sensory, and physical impairments, as these are the areas that the propositions address. Students with social or learning impairments may benefit from these propositions as well, but they are not the primary focus. Option C includes sensory and cognitive impairments but leaves out physical impairments, which is a key area of concern for some students. Option D includes social and learning impairments, which are not explicitly addressed by the propositions.

Question 3

The goal of curriculum differentiation is to improve the curriculum for all students by designing the teaching-learning context so that it provides a neatness of fit for each student while still retaining the locus of control for the curriculum within the classroom.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the goal of curriculum differentiation.

Question 4

The goal of reframing is to celebrate students' diversity.

Accepted Answer

The goal of reframing is to change the perspective on a situation or problem to find a more positive or productive way of viewing it, not specifically to celebrate diversity, although that could be a component of reframing in certain contexts.

Question 5

The preferred learning style of students with impairments is:
A) Modelling
B) Tactile/kinaesthetic
C) Visual
D) Auditory

Accepted Answer

Students with impairments often have difficulties with traditional methods of learning, such as reading and lectures. Tactile/kinaesthetic learning (hands-on activities and movement) can be much more effective for these students, allowing them to physically interact with the material and better retain information.

Question 6

In Response to Instruction (RTI), the teacher bolts on support for a particular student by creating a three-curricula response: The intended curriculum, the taught curriculum and the learned curriculum.

Accepted Answer

In Response to Instruction (RTI), the focus is on providing increasing levels of instructional support through tiers, rather than creating a three-curricula response. The three-tiered approach involves universal screening, targeted interventions, and intensive interventions, not specifically the intended, taught, and learned curricula.

Question 7

Functional skills can only be accessed once the student:
A) Has the appropriate social development to participate in class activities
B) Can gain physical access to the space and its learning activities'
C) Is actively involved in the organisation and its learning activities
D) Has formed personal friendships

Accepted Answer

Physical access to the space and its learning activities is a prerequisite for engaging with functional skills. Social and personal factors may enhance participation, but they are not the primary condition for accessing functional skills.

Question 8

Students with cognitive impairments may require instruction in functional academics rather than the regular curriculum.

Accepted Answer

Students with cognitive impairments may have difficulty with the regular curriculum and may benefit from instruction in functional academics, which focuses on practical and everyday skills such as hygiene, money management, and basic reading and math skills. This approach helps them to become more independent and self-sufficient in daily activities.

Question 9

In order to use the cognitive and physical continua to plan for student instruction, teachers must look at student deficits in order to place them on the continua properly.

Accepted Answer

Teachers should consider both student strengths and deficits when placing them on the cognitive and physical continua, ensuring a balanced and comprehensive approach to planning instruction.

Question 10

A student with a ________ impairment will require assistance with intellectual functioning and independent living areas.
A) mental
B) physical
C) cognitive
D) sensory

Accepted Answer

A cognitive impairment affects a person's intellectual functioning, including their ability to learn, reason, and problem-solve, as well as their ability to live independently. People with cognitive impairments may require assistance with daily activities, such as cooking, cleaning, and managing finances.

Question 11

The highest level of inclusion is the organisational level where students become involved in the planning of learning activities. This involves ________ of the classroom.
A) organisation, deliberate democratisation, initiative
B) initiative, deliberate democratisation, negotiation
C) negotiation, orientation and organisation
D) negotiation, initiative and inclusion

Accepted Answer

The statement implies that students are involved in the planning of learning activities, which requires them to take initiative and negotiate with their peers and teacher. This type of involvement also implies a deliberate democratisation of the classroom, where students have a say in how they learn. Therefore, option B is the best choice because it includes all the necessary elements mentioned in the statement.

Question 12

Bloom's taxonomy is hierarchical-the mastery of higher level skills is dependent on the acquisition of the lower level skills.

Accepted Answer

Bloom's taxonomy is indeed hierarchical, with the lower level skills providing the foundation for the higher level skills. Mastery of knowledge and comprehension enables the development of higher level skills such as analysis, evaluation, and creation.

Question 13

Focussing on students' positive characteristics and viewing them as being more similar than different is part of:
A) Response to instruction
B) Cooperative learning
C) Functional academics
D) Reframing

Accepted Answer

Reframing involves changing the perspective or mindset from negative to positive, and shifting the focus to strengths and similarities rather than weaknesses and differences. This approach is often used in inclusive education settings to promote a more positive and accepting learning environment. Response to instruction is a data-driven approach to teaching and intervention that involves providing targeted support based on students' individual needs. Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy that involves collaboration and participation among students in small groups. Functional academics refer to basic academic skills that are essential for everyday life, such as reading, writing, and math. While all of these approaches may be used in inclusive classrooms, only reframing focuses on positive characteristics and similarities among students.

Question 14

Plotting student attributes:
A) Enables better communication between parents and teachers
B) Makes it easier to see progress by a graphic visualisation
C) Allows the teacher to develop a starting point for instruction
D) Helps teachers to label students with cognitive impairments

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plotting student attributes:
A) Enables better communication between...

Question 15

Backward chaining involves the teacher completing steps 1 to 5 in front of the student and then allowing them to do step 6 independently.

Accepted Answer

Backward chaining is a teaching technique where the teacher completes all the steps except the last one, which is done independently by the student.

Question 16

Biology can be considered a functional academic skill.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biology can be considered a functional academic...

Question 17

Abstract learning tasks fall under this end of the continua:
A) Advanced cognitive development
B) Advanced sensory processing
C) Early sensory processing
D) Early cognitive development

Accepted Answer

Abstract learning tasks require advanced cognitive development because they involve understanding concepts that are not directly experienced through the senses. This level of cognitive processing goes beyond basic sensory processing and involves higher-order thinking skills.

Question 18

Using a "buddy" to help a student with an impairment access items is a means of providing independent access.

Accepted Answer

Using a "buddy" means the student is depending on someone else for access, which does not constitute independent access. Independent access would involve the student being able to access items on their own, possibly through the use of assistive technology or adaptations.

Question 19

Curriculum differentiation involves:
A) A ranking of educational placements from least to most integrated
B) An arrangement of the teaching-learning environment so that it is appropriate for all students
C) A combination of instructional effectiveness with student self-discipline
D) A three-tiered structure that allows the intensity of instruction to be increased

Accepted Answer

Curriculum differentiation is the process of tailoring instruction to meet the diverse needs of learners. This involves arranging the teaching-learning environment in a way that is appropriate for all students, taking into account their interests, learning styles, abilities, and needs. It may involve modifying the content, process, or product of instruction to ensure that all students can access the curriculum and meet their learning goals. A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of curriculum differentiation.

Question 20

Reframing means changing the way we think about something. Discuss the concepts of reframing and teacher reflection. Why are these concepts vital to effective teaching? How would a teacher go about reframing? What are positive consequences of reframing for students and teachers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reframing means changing the way we think...

Quiz 5: Inclusive Practices

Describe each of the six enabling propositions that teachers must follow to ensure that their classrooms are safe, welcoming, inclusive and enabling.

The six propositions are fundamental for students with ________ impairments.

The goal of curriculum differentiation is to improve the curriculum for all students by designing the teaching-learning context so that it provides a neatness of fit for each student while still retaining the locus of control for the curriculum within the classroom.

The goal of reframing is to celebrate students' diversity.

The preferred learning style of students with impairments is:

In Response to Instruction (RTI), the teacher bolts on support for a particular student by creating a three-curricula response: The intended curriculum, the taught curriculum and the learned curriculum.

Functional skills can only be accessed once the student:

Students with cognitive impairments may require instruction in functional academics rather than the regular curriculum.

In order to use the cognitive and physical continua to plan for student instruction, teachers must look at student deficits in order to place them on the continua properly.

A student with a ________ impairment will require assistance with intellectual functioning and independent living areas.

The highest level of inclusion is the organisational level where students become involved in the planning of learning activities. This involves ________ of the classroom.

Bloom's taxonomy is hierarchical-the mastery of higher level skills is dependent on the acquisition of the lower level skills.

Focussing on students' positive characteristics and viewing them as being more similar than different is part of:

Plotting student attributes:

Backward chaining involves the teacher completing steps 1 to 5 in front of the student and then allowing them to do step 6 independently.

Biology can be considered a functional academic skill.

Abstract learning tasks fall under this end of the continua:

Using a "buddy" to help a student with an impairment access items is a means of providing independent access.

Curriculum differentiation involves:

Reframing means changing the way we think about something. Discuss the concepts of reframing and teacher reflection. Why are these concepts vital to effective teaching? How would a teacher go about reframing? What are positive consequences of reframing for students and teachers?