Question 1

The tenets of Marxism called for a revolution by the proletariat,the industrial workers,but China in the 1940s was a nation of peasants,so an adaptation of Marxism was provided by:

Accepted Answer

Mao Zedong provided an adaptation of Marxism for China that focused on the importance of the rural peasantry, which comprised the majority of the population at the time. This adaptation became known as Maoism and played a significant role in the Chinese Communist Revolution. Lin Biao was a prominent military leader in China but did not provide an adaptation of Marxism. Chiang Kai-shek was a nationalist leader in China who opposed the Communists. Ho Chi Minh was a Communist revolutionary in Vietnam. Jiang Jeishi was also a nationalist leader in China.

Question 2

Although many intellectuals wanted to investigate the mentality of Nazism,others simply wanted people to remember.Many survivors of the concentration camps,such as _________,wanted others to know what had happened and to not forget.

Accepted Answer

Primo Levi was a survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp and went on to become a writer and activist dedicated to ensuring that the horrors of the Holocaust were never forgotten. He wrote several books about his experiences, including "Survival in Auschwitz" and "The Drowned and the Saved," which helped to bring the reality of the Holocaust to a wider audience.

Question 3

Jean-Paul Sartre was the leading proponent of the twentieth-century philosophy of existentialism,which held that:

Accepted Answer

Jean-Paul Sartre believed in the existentialist philosophy that existence precedes essence, meaning that individuals create their own meaning and purpose through their choices and actions rather than having a predetermined essence or nature. This philosophy emphasizes individual freedom and responsibility.

Question 4

Even with Nikita Khrushchev's desire to improve relations with the West and reduce tensions,military events occasionally escalated almost to the point of war,as in 1962,when:

Accepted Answer

In 1962, the Soviet Union attempted to install intermediate-range ballistic missiles and other offensive military equipment in Cuba. This led to the Cuban Missile Crisis, one of the most dangerous confrontations of the Cold War, and brought the United States and Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war.

Question 5

The growing rift with the Soviet Union led the United States to build military defenses In Western Europe. In April 1949,the result was the establishment of:

Accepted Answer

The establishment of military defenses in Western Europe led to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in April 1949. NATO was formed as a political and military alliance between North American and Western European countries to counter the threat of the Soviet Union and its allies. The other options, such as the European Union, United Nations, European Free Trade Organization, and Western European Union, were all established later and for different purposes.

Question 6

After coming to power in 1956 and nationalizing the Suez Canal,Gamal Abdul Nasser used the money raised from operating the canal to fund a project,the _________,to further bolster Egyptian national pride and economy.

Accepted Answer

The Aswan Dam on the Nile was a major project undertaken by Nasser to further bolster Egyptian national pride and the economy. The revenue generated from the nationalized Suez Canal was used to fund the construction of the dam, which helped to provide irrigation water for crops and generate hydroelectric power. This project became a symbol of Egypt's modernization and technological progress, and it also helped to control flooding and improve agricultural yields.

Question 7

Members of the "Frankfurt school" sought to understand the emergence of Nazism:

Accepted Answer

Members of the Frankfurt school, such as Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, analyzed the emergence of Nazism as an example of how citizens were depoliticized by the modern culture industry. They saw how capitalism had created a society where individuals were reduced to passive consumers of mass-produced culture, leading to a loss of critical thinking and political engagement. This loss of critical thinking made individuals vulnerable to the propaganda of extremist ideologies like Nazism.

Question 8

Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French,the war in Algeria was much harder since it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerrilla war in the countryside,a war of terror fought in Algeria's cities,and a war:

Accepted Answer

The war in Algeria was particularly challenging for France because it not only involved military conflict but also created deep political divisions within France itself, affecting public opinion and leading to governmental instability.

Question 9

For the most part,when the European colonial powers left Africa,their legacy was:

Accepted Answer

Most former colonies lacked the infrastructure, stable governance, and economic systems needed to thrive independently after the European colonial powers left.

Question 10

Khrushchev,as first secretary of the Soviet Union's Communist Party:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Khrushchev,as first secretary of the Soviet Union's...

Question 11

One of the wildly popular books of Joseph Heller,Catch-22,represented a form of popular existentialism and was concerned with the absurdity of:

Accepted Answer

Catch-22 is a satirical novel that criticizes the military establishment and bureaucracy during World War II. It portrays the absurdity of war, the military rules and regulations that defy logic, and the futility of trying to escape the brutal reality of warfare. The book's central theme is the concept of Catch-22, which refers to an illogical, contradictory, and circular rule that traps the characters in a never-ending cycle of madness and despair. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 12

The French appeared to have won a colonial war in Vietnam in 1951,but rather than begin peace talks and arrive at depolarization on favorable terms,they fought on and eventually lost everything at the battle of:

Accepted Answer

The French lost everything at the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954. Despite appearing to have won a colonial war in Vietnam in 1951, the French did not begin peace talks and instead continued to fight until ultimately facing a decisive defeat at Dien Bien Phu.

Question 13

The British had been in political control of Palestine since World War I,but promised a portion of the land as a Jewish homeland with its 1917:

Accepted Answer

The Balfour Declaration was issued in 1917 by the British government, promising to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine while still continuing to protect the rights of the non-Jewish population. This declaration was a key factor in the eventual establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.

Question 14

Communism spread throughout Eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II and Soviet occupation,but communism also took control of _________ in the 1940s through revolution.

Accepted Answer

China underwent a revolution in the 1940s which saw the Communist Party come to power in 1949, led by Mao Zedong.

Question 15

In the late 1940s and with the concurrence of Britain,the Afrikaner government of South Africa instituted its racial policy of:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is apartheid. Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination enforced by the Afrikaner government of South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. It aimed to separate and subordinate the Black, Colored, and Indian populations from the white population, resulting in widespread social, economic, and political inequality. The other choices (equality for all, indentured servitude, slavery, and Negritude) are not accurate descriptors of the racial policy instituted by the Afrikaner government in the late 1940s.

Question 16

One of the most promising of the newly independent African nations,Ghana,soon fell victim to corruption with its first president:

Accepted Answer

Kwame Nkrumah became the first president of Ghana after the country gained independence from British rule in 1957. However, his government soon became corrupt and he was accused of suppressing political opposition, censoring the press, and misusing government funds. He was overthrown in a military coup in 1966.

Question 17

The postwar world faced the moral dilemmas of war,occupation,and resistance,and were expressed in that period through all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Architecture is less commonly used to express moral dilemmas compared to art, music, literature, and drama, which are more direct forms of expression for such themes.

Question 18

Soviet Union post war relations with Eastern Europe included all except:

Accepted Answer

The Soviet Union did not support the wartime negotiations as set forth in the "Declaration of Principles of War" made by the Allied leaders during the war. In fact, they had their own agenda of establishing communist governments in Eastern Europe and did not adhere to the principles of democracy and self-determination.

Question 19

Many Western intellectuals sought to revive humanism and democratic values after the horrors of World War II;a group of writers,one of them being _________,pointed out that colonialism made their task ever more difficult.

Accepted Answer

Franz Fanon was a prominent writer and thinker who pointed out the difficulties in reviving humanism and democratic values after World War II due to the oppressive effects of colonialism. He argued that colonialism perpetuated inequality and injustice, making it harder to achieve true democratic and humanistic ideals. His work, particularly "The Wretched of the Earth," remains influential in postcolonial studies and discussions of race, class, and power.

Question 20

France's Fifth Republic of 1958:

Accepted Answer

The Fifth Republic was established under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle who worked to restore France's power and prestige after a period of decline. De Gaulle pursued an independent foreign policy which included withdrawing France from NATO's integrated military command while maintaining close relations with the United States and Britain. The Fifth Republic reinforced the power of the executive branch of government with the President having significant powers. It also oversaw the Algerian War which ended in 1962 with Algeria becoming independent.

Quiz 18: The Cold War World: Global Politics, economic Recovery, and Cultural Change