Question 1

Which organ has the primary responsibility in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

The lungs contain the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor involved in blood pressure regulation.

Question 2

The arterioles of which organ are most sensitive to the vasopressin action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are the organs most sensitive to the vasopressin action of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles in the kidneys, which increases glomerular filtration pressure and promotes reabsorption of water in the tubules. This is important for controlling blood volume and blood pressure.

Question 3

Aldosterone antagonist drugs work to lower blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone antagonist drugs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, work by binding to and blocking the aldosterone receptors in the kidneys. This prevents aldosterone from signaling the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium, resulting in increased excretion of sodium and retention of potassium. This promotes a reduction in blood volume and ultimately lowers blood pressure.

Question 4

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor drugs function in the control of blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. By inhibiting the production of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart and other organs. This can be effective in treating hypertension and heart failure.

Question 5

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor drugs prevent ACE from breaking down which substances,resulting in some of the serious adverse effects of the ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors prevent ACE from breaking down bradykinin, which can lead to an accumulation of bradykinin in the body. This can cause side effects such as cough, angioedema, and hypotension. ACE inhibitors do not affect the breakdown of aldosterone, renin, or the entire renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

Question 6

How do additional amounts of aldosterone secreted by the kidneys raise blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Additional amounts of aldosterone secreted by the kidneys enhance sodium reabsorption, which increases blood volume. This, in turn, raises blood pressure.

Question 7

Which group of cells in the kidneys makes up the apparatus that helps control renin secretion?

Accepted Answer

The juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and the macula densa make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which helps regulate renin secretion in response to changes in blood pressure and salt concentration. This apparatus is located near the glomerulus in the nephron. The other options listed are not directly involved in this process.

Question 8

Angiotensinogen is a protein that is continuously circulating in the blood stream.Where is it synthesized in the body?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensinogen is synthesized by the liver and is then released into the circulation where it can be acted upon by the renin-angiotensin system.

Question 9

An adult client is prescribed lisinopril therapy for hypertension.Why is it important to rule out pregnancy prior to starting this medication?

Accepted Answer

Lisinopril is classified as pregnancy category C in the first trimester and category D in the second and third trimesters. This classification indicates that the drug can cause harm to the fetus, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy, hence the importance of ruling out pregnancy before starting therapy.

Question 10

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)converts angiotensin I almost instantly to which substance?

Accepted Answer

ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II almost instantly.

Question 11

A nursing student asks the nurse educator why the actions of aldosterone lead to high blood pressure.Which of the educator's responses explain this phenomenon?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron to increase sodium reabsorption and the excretion of potassium and hydrogen. This action leads to an increase in water reabsorption, which increases blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Question 12

Which clinical manifestations occur as the result of the cardiac remodeling caused by angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II contributes to cardiac remodeling by promoting hypertrophy and fibrosis of cardiac myocytes, which can lead to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents due to increased cardiac workload and vascular changes.

Question 13

The nurse knows that the secretion of renin is controlled by which items?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Renin secretion is controlled by juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, which are specialized cells located in the walls of afferent arterioles in the nephron. They are stimulated by a decrease in blood pressure and volume, or by sympathetic nervous system activity. The macula densa, located in the walls of the distal tubule, also plays a role in regulating renin secretion by sensing changes in the sodium chloride concentration of the tubular fluid. Parasympathetic nervous system activity and the cardiovascular system do not play a direct role in the regulation of renin secretion.

Question 14

The nurse is reviewing the primary functions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).The nurse knows that which is the primary function of this enzyme?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The primary functions of ACE are to form angiotensin II and to break down bradykinin. Angiotensin I is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen, whereas kininase is formed by other enzymes. ACE does not break down histamine.

Question 15

A seasoned nurse is explaining the multiple mechanisms by which angiotensin II raises blood pressure to a novice nurse.What should the seasoned nurse include in the explanation?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A seasoned nurse is explaining the multiple...

Question 16

The secretion,storage,and synthesizing of renin are controlled in which cells of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

The secretion, storage, and synthesizing of renin are primarily controlled by the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney. These cells are located in the wall of the afferent arteriole as it enters the glomerulus. They respond to changes in blood pressure and kidney perfusion by releasing renin, which ultimately leads to the production of angiotensin II and subsequent changes in blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

Question 17

The nurse is reviewing a list of medications that decrease blood pressure.Which medications decrease blood pressure by blocking the receptors for aldosterone in the kidneys?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Eplerenone and spironolactone are potassium-sparing diuretics that decrease blood pressure by blocking the receptors for aldosterone in the kidneys, which reduces sodium and water retention. Benazepril and azilsartan are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, respectively, and aliskiren is a direct renin inhibitor, but they do not block aldosterone receptors.

Question 18

The kidneys respond to which occurrences in the body by releasing renin?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys release renin in response to lowered blood pressure and dehydration.

Question 19

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)work in the body to lower blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) work by blocking the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, which prevents angiotensin II from binding to these receptors. This action inhibits the effects of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and a reduction in blood pressure.

Question 20

Which peptide circulating in the blood can cause profound vasoconstriction?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone that is produced by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume. It causes vasoconstriction, which can increase blood pressure and decrease blood flow to certain areas of the body.

Quiz 31: Drugs Affecting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Which organ has the primary responsibility in converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

The arterioles of which organ are most sensitive to the vasopressin action of angiotensin II?

Aldosterone antagonist drugs work to lower blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs function in the control of blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs prevent ACE from breaking down which substances,resulting in some of the serious adverse effects of the ACE inhibitors?

How do additional amounts of aldosterone secreted by the kidneys raise blood pressure?

Which group of cells in the kidneys makes up the apparatus that helps control renin secretion?

Angiotensinogen is a protein that is continuously circulating in the blood stream.Where is it synthesized in the body?

An adult client is prescribed lisinopril therapy for hypertension.Why is it important to rule out pregnancy prior to starting this medication?

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I almost instantly to which substance?

A nursing student asks the nurse educator why the actions of aldosterone lead to high blood pressure.Which of the educator's responses explain this phenomenon? Select all that apply.

Which clinical manifestations occur as the result of the cardiac remodeling caused by angiotensin II?

The nurse knows that the secretion of renin is controlled by which items? Select all that apply.

The nurse is reviewing the primary functions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) .The nurse knows that which is the primary function of this enzyme? Select all that apply.

A seasoned nurse is explaining the multiple mechanisms by which angiotensin II raises blood pressure to a novice nurse.What should the seasoned nurse include in the explanation? Select all that apply.

The secretion,storage,and synthesizing of renin are controlled in which cells of the kidney?

The nurse is reviewing a list of medications that decrease blood pressure.Which medications decrease blood pressure by blocking the receptors for aldosterone in the kidneys? Select all that apply.

The kidneys respond to which occurrences in the body by releasing renin?

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) work in the body to lower blood pressure by which mechanism of action?

Which peptide circulating in the blood can cause profound vasoconstriction?