Question 1

In 1997,the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act was passed.What was the rationale for this legislation?

Accepted Answer

The rationale for the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 was to improve the testing and labeling of pediatric drugs. The act authorized the FDA to require pharmaceutical companies to include pediatric labeling information, conduct clinical trials for drugs used in children, and provide incentives for the development of pediatric drugs. It was aimed at improving the safety and efficacy of drugs used in children by providing better information to healthcare providers and patients.

Question 2

The nurse in a pediatric clinic is preparing to give a toddler and a preschooler intramuscular (IM)antibiotics.The nurse chooses the injection sites for each child based on which considerations?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred site for IM injections in toddlers because it is well developed from early infancy, making it a safe choice for this age group.B) The ventrogluteal site becomes a preferred option for IM injections after a child has been walking for about a year, as it is less likely to damage major nerves or blood vessels.C) The use of the dorsogluteal site for IM injections should be avoided due to the risk of damaging the sciatic nerve and significant blood vessels, as well as the potential for fat accumulation in this area, which can affect drug absorption.

Question 3

The nurse would determine that which pediatric client is experiencing an adverse effect from a medication?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A,B,C

Question 4

The nurse is following the guidelines established by American Academy of Pediatrics (2007)when administering mediations to pediatric patients.Which nursing action is included in the guidelines?

Accepted Answer

The guidelines emphasize the importance of double-checking medication calculations with another healthcare professional to ensure accuracy and safety in pediatric medication administration.

Question 5

A clinic nurse is discussing an acne medication regimen with an adolescent client.Which statements by the adolescent represent common problems with adherence?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) This statement indicates a lack of perceived effectiveness, which is a common reason for non-adherence to medication regimens. Patients may stop taking medications if they do not see immediate results.B) This statement highlights logistical or access issues, such as forgetting to refill the prescription, which can lead to non-adherence.C) Experiencing side effects, such as nausea, is a common barrier to medication adherence. Patients may choose to stop taking a medication to avoid unpleasant side effects.

Question 6

The nurse plans to teach a safety class to parents of toddlers about household exposure to medications.Which information would be included in an effective teaching plan?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

B is incorrect because vitamins can be toxic if ingested in large amounts, especially those containing iron. A, C, D, and E are correct because toddlers are at high risk for poisoning due to their exploratory nature, medications should be stored safely to prevent access, flavored medications can be appealing to children, and toddlers are known to put everything in their mouths, including potentially harmful substances.

Question 7

The nurse is calculating the medication dose for a 4-year-old child by plotting the child's height and weight on a nomogram,then drawing a line between the two points.The point at which the line intersects the surface area line is the child's BSA.The dose is calculated using the BSA.What does this calculation represent?

Accepted Answer

The calculation described represents the body surface area method, which is a method of calculating medication doses based on a patient's body surface area rather than their weight or age. This method takes into account differences in metabolism and absorption between individuals with different body sizes, allowing for a more accurate and personalized dosing regimen.

Question 8

The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant how to properly administer medication.Which teaching points are important for this age group?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Cuddling the infant can comfort and soothe them during the medication administration process. Depositing medication into the cheek area helps prevent choking and ensures the medication is swallowed. Holding the buttocks closed for 5-10 minutes after a rectal suppository helps the medication remain in the rectum and be absorbed properly. Administering oral medications quickly before the infant can resist is not recommended as it can increase the risk of choking. A household teaspoon should not be used as it is not an accurate measurement of medication.

Question 9

An infant recently prescribed the anti-infective gentamicin is brought to the emergency department with oliguria,hematuria,cloudy urine,and fever.Which diagnosis would the nurse anticipate for this infant based on the assessment findings?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest nephrotoxicity, which is a known side effect of gentamicin. Symptoms of nephrotoxicity include oliguria (low urine output), hematuria (blood in urine), cloudy urine, and fever. Respiratory distress syndrome and gasping syndrome are not typically associated with gentamicin use. Neurotoxicity may cause symptoms such as confusion and muscle twitching, but these are not consistent with the symptoms described.

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a toddler's mother strategies for administering prescribed oral antibiotics.Which strategies will be discussed?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Mixing medications with a small amount of food or asking the pharmacist to sweeten the medication can make it more palatable for a toddler. Providing comfort or praise after administering medication can also encourage cooperation. However, mixing medication with a bottle of milk (D) risks the child not finishing the bottle and thus not receiving the full dose. Detailed explanations (E) are not effective for toddlers due to their limited understanding.

Question 11

The pediatric nurse is aware that a child might experience the same adverse effects to a medication as an adult.For what class of medication could this reaction occur,and what reaction would the nurse anticipate?

Accepted Answer

Antipsychotics can cause CNS depression in both adults and children. While children may be more susceptible to certain adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms, the possibility of CNS depression is present in both age groups. The other medications listed (antianxiety, antidepressants, and antibiotics) may have different adverse effects in children compared to adults.

Question 12

It is important that the nurse understand that the safety and effectiveness of a medication regimen depend on which factors?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The safety and effectiveness of a medication regimen depend on proper procurement, administration, and storage of the medication. Protection of the health care provider from liability and protection of the nurse from liability are important considerations but do not directly impact the safety and effectiveness of medication administration.

Question 13

The nurse has been assigned to the pediatric floor.Which nursing interventions indicate this nurse understands pharmacokinetic variables in children?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse has been assigned to the...

Question 14

Which classification(s)of drugs is/are more commonly prescribed for children due to their high incidence of infectious diseases?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Respiratory drugs, systemic antibiotics, and dermatologic drugs are more commonly prescribed for children due to their high incidence of infectious diseases. Children are more prone to respiratory infections, bacterial infections that require antibiotics, and skin conditions, making these classes of drugs more frequently used in pediatric care. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system drugs are less commonly associated with the infectious diseases that typically affect children.

Question 15

The emergency department nurse is preparing for the arrival of a 3-year-old with suspected drug overdose.Which medications are most likely to be the cause of the overdose?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emergency department nurse is preparing for...

Question 16

The nurse plans to administer medication to a preschool-age child.Which approach indicates the nurse has an understanding of growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Preschool-age children benefit from simple, brief explanations about what is going to happen, as it helps them understand and cooperate. Quick administration of the medication following the explanation minimizes anticipation anxiety and makes the process smoother.

Question 17

The nurse plans to administer medication to a 6-month-old infant based on which understanding?

Accepted Answer

Dosages for infants are typically based on milligrams per kilogram weight per day, as their weight can vary greatly and can affect the amount of medication needed. Age alone may not accurately reflect the appropriate dosage.

Question 18

Which factor would lead to the dilution of the drug furosemide (Lasix)in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

The higher proportion of water to fat in newborns dilutes water-soluble drugs like furosemide (Lasix), affecting their distribution and concentration in the body.

Question 19

The nurse is providing discharge instruction to a child and the family.To promote medication adherence,the nurse facilitates which conditions?

Accepted Answer

To promote medication adherence, it is important to have minimal adverse effects from the medications, as this can discourage the child and family from sticking to the medication regimen. The other choices (A, C, and D) are not supportive of medication adherence, as minimal nursing guidance, a complex and expensive medication regimen, and low expectations for a successful outcome can all lead to difficulty in following through with medication.

Question 20

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an adolescent and the family.To increase the likelihood of adherence,which questions would the nurse ask?
Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

These questions address potential barriers to adherence by considering the adolescent's daily routine, concerns about taking medication at school, and possible side effects, which can help in planning and ensuring compliance.

Quiz 9: Pharmacotherapy of the Pediatric Patient

In 1997,the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act was passed.What was the rationale for this legislation?

The nurse in a pediatric clinic is preparing to give a toddler and a preschooler intramuscular (IM) antibiotics.The nurse chooses the injection sites for each child based on which considerations? Select all that apply.

The nurse would determine that which pediatric client is experiencing an adverse effect from a medication? Select all that apply.

The nurse is following the guidelines established by American Academy of Pediatrics (2007) when administering mediations to pediatric patients.Which nursing action is included in the guidelines?

A clinic nurse is discussing an acne medication regimen with an adolescent client.Which statements by the adolescent represent common problems with adherence? Select all that apply.

The nurse plans to teach a safety class to parents of toddlers about household exposure to medications.Which information would be included in an effective teaching plan? Select all that apply.

The nurse is teaching the mother of an infant how to properly administer medication.Which teaching points are important for this age group? Select all that apply.

An infant recently prescribed the anti-infective gentamicin is brought to the emergency department with oliguria,hematuria,cloudy urine,and fever.Which diagnosis would the nurse anticipate for this infant based on the assessment findings?

The nurse is teaching a toddler's mother strategies for administering prescribed oral antibiotics.Which strategies will be discussed? Select all that apply.

The pediatric nurse is aware that a child might experience the same adverse effects to a medication as an adult.For what class of medication could this reaction occur,and what reaction would the nurse anticipate?

It is important that the nurse understand that the safety and effectiveness of a medication regimen depend on which factors? Select all that apply.

The nurse has been assigned to the pediatric floor.Which nursing interventions indicate this nurse understands pharmacokinetic variables in children? Select all that apply.

Which classification(s) of drugs is/are more commonly prescribed for children due to their high incidence of infectious diseases? Select all that apply.

The emergency department nurse is preparing for the arrival of a 3-year-old with suspected drug overdose.Which medications are most likely to be the cause of the overdose? Select all that apply.

The nurse plans to administer medication to a preschool-age child.Which approach indicates the nurse has an understanding of growth and development?

The nurse plans to administer medication to a 6-month-old infant based on which understanding?

Which factor would lead to the dilution of the drug furosemide (Lasix) in the newborn?

The nurse is providing discharge instruction to a child and the family.To promote medication adherence,the nurse facilitates which conditions?

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an adolescent and the family.To increase the likelihood of adherence,which questions would the nurse ask? Select all that apply.