Question 1

Which of the following is one of the outcomes of a career-based social network according to Vaillant?

Accepted Answer

According to Vaillant, one of the outcomes of a career-based social network is competence.

Question 2

Jiminez has recently been promoted to administrator at the local nursing home,which means that she must be at work by 7:00 a.m.Mrs.Jiminez also believes that she should provide her children with breakfast and supervision before they get on the school bus at 7:30 each morning.What is Mrs.Jiminez experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Jiminez is experiencing role conflict, which occurs when a person is unable to fulfill the expectations of two or more roles that he or she occupies. In this case, Mrs. Jiminez's role as an administrator requires her to be at work by 7:00 a.m., while her role as a parent requires her to provide breakfast and supervision to her children before they leave for school at 7:30 a.m. These two roles are in conflict because it is difficult for her to do both simultaneously.

Question 3

The person who is forced to take on responsibilities that are in constant competition with each other is experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Role conflict occurs when an individual is confronted with competing demands or expectations from different roles they hold. In this case, the person is forced to take on responsibilities that are in constant competition with each other, resulting in role conflict. Role disparity refers to differences in expectations between roles, role diffusion refers to a lack of clarity or boundaries in roles, and role strain refers to stress or tension within a single role.

Question 4

What is the term that Erikson uses to describe a desire to establish and guide the next generations?

Accepted Answer

The term that Erikson uses to describe a desire to establish and guide the next generations is generativity. Generativity is a stage in Erikson's psychosocial development theory that refers to the desire to give back to society and nurture the next generation. This can manifest through activities such as mentoring, volunteering, teaching, and raising children. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 5

What is Erikson's developmental task of middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Erikson's developmental task of middle adulthood is generativity versus stagnation. Generativity refers to a person's ability to contribute to the next generation, whether it be through raising children, mentoring others, or contributing to society in some way. Stagnation refers to a sense of being stuck or not making progress in life. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 65.

Question 6

When a couple has learned which strategies work best when resolving disagreements,and therefore have a sense that they have control of the relationship,they have accomplished which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Marital self-efficacy refers to the belief that one can successfully navigate conflicts and maintain a happy relationship. When a couple has learned which strategies work best for them and feels confident in their ability to handle disagreements, they have achieved a sense of marital self-efficacy. Marital stability refers to the longevity of the relationship, while relationship confidence and marital satisfaction may be influenced by factors beyond conflict resolution skills.

Question 7

According to Erikson,which of the following would cause a person to experience a mid-life crisis?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage of middle adulthood (ages 40-65) is marked by the conflict between generativity vs. stagnation. Generativity involves making contributions to the world, such as through parenting or career achievements, while stagnation refers to feeling stuck or unproductive. A sense of stagnation can lead to a mid-life crisis. External locus of control and loss of self-efficacy are not specifically related to Erikson's theory of mid-life crisis.

Question 8

When a person is confronted with a task that they are compelled to perform,but for which they are ill-prepared,which of the following are they likely to experience?

Accepted Answer

Role strain occurs when an individual finds it difficult to fulfill the requirements of a specific role they are expected to perform, especially when they feel ill-prepared for the tasks involved.

Question 9

Dorian just gave birth to her first child.When she first held the baby,Dorian wanted to scream in panic because she had no idea how to be a mother.Social scientists would suggest that Dorian is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dorian just gave birth to her first...

Question 10

An increase in life expectancy has caused one aspect of family life to change.Which of the following best illustrates this change?

Accepted Answer

With an increase in life expectancy, people are more likely to have elderly family members who require care for a longer period of time. This means that adults will have to spend more years caring for both the older and younger generations in their family, which is illustrated by option A. Option B is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that people are spending fewer years in occupational roles. Option C is incorrect because the trend in modern times is towards smaller family sizes. Option D is incorrect because multi-generation families are becoming more common, particularly due to the increase in life expectancy of elderly family members.

Question 11

Darryl is a teacher who volunteers his free time working in a homeless shelter.According to Erikson,what is Darryl experiencing?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the stage of middle adulthood is characterized by a conflict between generativity and stagnation. Generativity refers to the desire to give back to society and make a positive impact on future generations, while stagnation is a sense of feeling unproductive or stuck. Darryl volunteering his free time in a homeless shelter suggests that he is experiencing a sense of generativity.

Question 12

Georgina is a middle-aged woman who volunteers as a tour guide at the local art museum and at the Museum of Asian Culture.She does this because she believes that the arts are an important part of culture and must be preserved and passed on to future generations.What term would Vaillant apply to Georgina?

Accepted Answer

Vaillant would describe Georgina as a "Keeper of the meaning" because she is dedicated to preserving and passing on cultural values and traditions, which is characteristic of this stage of development.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example of the skilled diplomacy that middle-aged couples use to maintain the stability of their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Option B shows a couple practicing skilled diplomacy by confronting the issue with each other and working to find peace in their relationship. This shows a healthy communication and conflict resolution strategy that is important in maintaining stability in a long-term relationship. The other options either involve avoidance of conflict or delegating the issue to a third party.

Question 14

In a study conducted by Snarey et al. ,what did they learn about the generativity of men with no children?

Accepted Answer

The study found that men without children who rated high on generativity had found a non-relative child to nurture. This suggests that these men were able to express their desire for generativity through alternative means. The study did not provide information on the majority suffering from stagnation or the reasons why they did not have children. There was no information on whether the majority of childless men were married to women who had children from a previous relationship.

Question 15

Psychiatrist George Vaillant has identified a stage between intimacy and generativity.What is the name of this stage?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrist George Vaillant introduced the concept of "career consolidation" as a stage between intimacy and generativity. This stage emphasizes the importance of career development in adulthood, where individuals focus on achieving stability and fulfillment in their professional lives.

Question 16

Which of the following theorists viewed the issues of generativity and stagnation as critical issues that most middle-aged adults must deal with?

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson viewed the issues of generativity (the desire to contribute to society and guide the next generation) and stagnation (feeling stuck or unproductive) as critical issues that most middle-aged adults must deal with in his theory of psychosocial development.

Question 17

What does Erikson suggest is required for the expression of generativity?

Accepted Answer

Erikson suggests that caring for others is required for the expression of generativity. Generativity involves a concern for future generations and a desire to contribute to their well-being, which requires a capacity for caring and nurturing. Other factors such as effective communication, obeying the law, and intelligence may be helpful but are not essential for generativity.

Question 18

Which of the following is least likely to prompt the mid-life crisis described by Daniel Levinson?

Accepted Answer

Purchasing a new home is not specifically mentioned as a trigger for mid-life crisis by Daniel Levinson. The other options involve reminders of aging and mortality, as well as physical limitations that may be associated with age.

Question 19

Which of the following best expresses Daniel Levinson's idea about development at mid-life?

Accepted Answer

Levinson's theory suggests that mid-life can involve a crisis when individuals face developmental tasks that challenge their coping abilities.

Question 20

What does the term "sandwich generation" refer to?

Accepted Answer

The term "sandwich generation" refers to middle-aged adults who are responsible for providing assistance to both their children and their aging parents, therefore feeling sandwiched between the two generations. The other options are unrelated to this definition.

Quiz 16: Social and Personality Developmentin Middle Adulthood