Question 1

According to Bowlby's theory of attachment,which of the following will a child have developed by age 5 years?

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's theory of attachment, by age 5 years, a child will have developed an internal model that includes self, mother, and relationships in general. This internal model influences the child's future relationships and interactions with others. Bowlby believed that the attachment bond between a child and their primary caregiver formed the foundation for all future social and emotional development, and that a child's early experiences with their primary caregiver shaped their internal working model of relationships.

Question 2

Some infants between 6 and 16 months experience a fear of people they do not know.Which of the following terms best identifies this fearful phase that seems to disappear as quickly as it came?

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety is the term used to describe the fearful phase that infants may experience between 6 and 16 months, where they become anxious and frightened around people they do not know. This phase typically disappears as quickly as it came, and is a normal part of development. Separation anxiety refers to the fear and distress that infants and young children may experience when separated from their caregivers, and typically occurs around 8-18 months of age. Social referencing is the process by which infants and young children look to others for cues and guidance in unfamiliar situations. Affect dysregulation refers to difficulty regulating and coping with one's emotions.

Question 3

When a child is in phase 2 of Bowlby's attachment sequence,which of the following behaviors would they most likely exhibit?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

According to your text,which statement about adopted children is true?

Accepted Answer

According to the text, children who are adopted by the age of 6 months, with no history of institutionalization or abuse, are generally indistinguishable from non-adopted children.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that attachment is enhanced through a consistent pattern of attachment behaviors, such as responsiveness and sensitive caregiving. Both mothers and fathers have the capacity to provide these behaviors, leading to strong attachment relationships with their children. The idea that mothers have a biological advantage in attachment has been largely disproven. The development of synchrony, or the emotional exchange between parent and child, is also important for attachment, but it is not the only factor. Contact immediately after birth is important for bonding, but it is not the only determinant of attachment.

Question 6

Which term would Freud use when referring to the interdependence between mother and child?

Accepted Answer

Freud would use the term "symbiotic" when referring to the interdependence between mother and child, as he believed that there is a close, interconnected relationship between them during early development.

Question 7

J.gains comfort through eating and drinking.She also cries to gain attention from her parents or to express discomfort.Freud would say that C.J.is in which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

J's comfort-seeking behavior through eating and drinking, as well as crying to gain attention or express discomfort, are indicative of the oral stage of development according to Freud. This stage is marked by an emphasis on oral gratification and the mouth as the primary erogenous zone.

Question 8

Which of the following suggests that humans need and seek to form relationships early in life as a matter of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory suggests that humans have an innate need to form close emotional bonds with others, particularly in infancy and early childhood. This suggests a genetic basis for our need for relationships. The other options - Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial theory, and Symbiosis theory - do not explicitly address genetics and the innate need for relationships.

Question 9

Which of the following is a term applied to an infant's cry and protest at being left with someone other than their primary caregivers?

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety is the term used to describe an infant's distress and crying when separated from their primary caregiver. This is a normal and healthy part of development as infants form attachments and rely on their caregivers for comfort and security.

Question 10

_________ conducted ingenious research which demonstrated that infant monkeys become attached to a terrycloth-covered "mother" and would cling to it rather than a wire mother that provided them with food.

Accepted Answer

The research described is known as Harlow's experiment and was conducted by psychologist Harry Harlow.

Question 11

Callie,age 11 months,went to the circus with her mother.When a clown came bouncing up to Callie's stroller,Callie was anxious and looked at her mother.When Callie's mother began to laugh at the clown,Callie joined in the laughter.Callie's behavior is called

Accepted Answer

Callie's behavior is an example of social referencing, which is when a child looks at their caregiver's facial expressions and reactions to determine how to respond to a situation or person. In this case, Callie was unsure of how to react to the clown until she saw her mother laugh, which signaled that the clown was not a threat and it was okay to laugh and interact with him.

Question 12

During the first of Freud's psychosexual stages of development,the child derives satisfaction from stimulation of which body part?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory is the oral stage, during which the child derives satisfaction from oral stimulation, such as sucking and biting. This is why the mouth is the correct answer.

Question 13

Bart depends on his mother for everything he needs.When he cries,she responds with food or a clean diaper or a cuddle.Erikson would say that Bart's mother is helping him resolve the conflict known as

Accepted Answer

Trust versus mistrust is the conflict that takes place during the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which occurs from birth to around 18 months. In this stage, infants like Bart learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on whether their needs are consistently met. By responding to Bart's needs with food, comfort, and care, Bart's mother is helping him develop a sense of trust and security in the world.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

Accepted Answer

By age 6 months, infants display distinctive patterns of responding to mother-father differences.

Question 15

_________ is most associated with the view that infants are biologically predisposed to form emotional bonds with caregivers and that the characteristics of those bonds shape later social and personality development.

Accepted Answer

Bowlby is most associated with the view that infants are biologically predisposed to form emotional bonds with caregivers and that the characteristics of those bonds shape later social and personality development. This theory is known as attachment theory. Freud's theories primarily focused on the role of unconscious drives and motivations. Erikson developed a theory of psychosocial development which emphasized the importance of social interactions and relationships throughout the lifespan. Harlow's research focused on the role of contact comfort in the attachment of infant monkeys to their mothers.

Question 16

Chad cries and his mother responds immediately.When he coos at his mother,she smiles and cuddles him.Developmentalists would say that this is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The interaction between Chad and his mother, where she immediately responds to his cries and cuddles him when he coos, is an example of synchrony. Synchrony refers to the coordinated and synchronized pattern of interactions between a caregiver and a child, where their behavior and emotions are reciprocally attuned to each other.

Question 17

In the Harlow monkey studies,with which "mother" did the infant monkeys spend the most time?

Accepted Answer

The infant monkeys spent the most time with the mother covered in terrycloth, even if this mother did not provide them with food. This shows that contact comfort is more important than food in creating attachment.

Question 18

Yong Park is nine months old.Lately when his mother tries to leave him in the church nursery,he cries and clings to his mother.His seems especially anxious if there is a new worker in the nursery.Considering his age,Yong Park is probably experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Yong Park is exhibiting signs of separation anxiety, which is common among infants between the ages of 8 and 14 months. This is a developmentally appropriate response as infants at this age are beginning to form attachments to their primary caregivers and may become upset when separated. The fact that he is particularly anxious with a new worker suggests that he is experiencing some stranger anxiety as well.

Question 19

What is the crisis of Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

The crisis of Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development is trust versus mistrust. This stage occurs from birth to 18 months and is characterized by the infant's need to develop a sense of trust in their environment, particularly in their caregivers. If the infant's needs are consistently met and they receive nurturing care, they will develop a sense of basic trust in the world around them. If their needs are not met, or they experience neglect or abuse, they may develop a sense of mistrust in others and the world around them.

Question 20

Freddie is two months old.He smiles and coos at almost everyone he meets.Bowlby would say that Freddie is in which phase of attachment?

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby's phases of attachment, the nonfocused orienting and signaling phase occurs from birth to 3 months, during which infants show indiscriminate social responsiveness and respond to anyone who interacts with them. Freddie's behavior of smiling and cooing at almost everyone indicates that he is in this phase.

Quiz 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy

According to Bowlby's theory of attachment,which of the following will a child have developed by age 5 years?

Some infants between 6 and 16 months experience a fear of people they do not know.Which of the following terms best identifies this fearful phase that seems to disappear as quickly as it came?

When a child is in phase 2 of Bowlby's attachment sequence,which of the following behaviors would they most likely exhibit?

According to your text,which statement about adopted children is true?

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

Which term would Freud use when referring to the interdependence between mother and child?

J.gains comfort through eating and drinking.She also cries to gain attention from her parents or to express discomfort.Freud would say that C.J.is in which stage of development?

Which of the following suggests that humans need and seek to form relationships early in life as a matter of genetics?

Which of the following is a term applied to an infant's cry and protest at being left with someone other than their primary caregivers?

_________ conducted ingenious research which demonstrated that infant monkeys become attached to a terrycloth-covered "mother" and would cling to it rather than a wire mother that provided them with food.

Callie,age 11 months,went to the circus with her mother.When a clown came bouncing up to Callie's stroller,Callie was anxious and looked at her mother.When Callie's mother began to laugh at the clown,Callie joined in the laughter.Callie's behavior is called

During the first of Freud's psychosexual stages of development,the child derives satisfaction from stimulation of which body part?

Bart depends on his mother for everything he needs.When he cries,she responds with food or a clean diaper or a cuddle.Erikson would say that Bart's mother is helping him resolve the conflict known as

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

_________ is most associated with the view that infants are biologically predisposed to form emotional bonds with caregivers and that the characteristics of those bonds shape later social and personality development.

Chad cries and his mother responds immediately.When he coos at his mother,she smiles and cuddles him.Developmentalists would say that this is an example of which of the following?

In the Harlow monkey studies,with which "mother" did the infant monkeys spend the most time?

Yong Park is nine months old.Lately when his mother tries to leave him in the church nursery,he cries and clings to his mother.His seems especially anxious if there is a new worker in the nursery.Considering his age,Yong Park is probably experiencing which of the following?

What is the crisis of Erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?

Freddie is two months old.He smiles and coos at almost everyone he meets.Bowlby would say that Freddie is in which phase of attachment?