Question 1

Anthony knows that not everyone goes to college,and that those who do are not guaranteed to graduate.From this,he decided that college is probably difficult as well as time consuming.What type of logic did Anthony use to draw these conclusions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anthony knows that not everyone goes to...

Question 2

When the teacher asked,"How many inches are there in a mile?" Carmen answered without having to pause to compute the number of inches in a foot.Carmen's skill is an example of which cognitive ability?

Accepted Answer

Carmen's ability to instantly recall the number of inches in a foot without having to do any mental calculations demonstrates automaticity, which is the ability to perform a task quickly and accurately with little to no conscious effort or attention.

Question 3

Which of the following best defines inductive logic?

Accepted Answer

Inductive logic involves using specific observations or experiences to create a general principle or theory. It involves observing patterns in data and making generalized predictions based on those observations.

Question 4

A child who understands conservation of mass or volume would,of necessity,also understand which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Conservation of mass or volume refers to the understanding that just because something changes shape, it doesn't change the amount of the substance present. Understanding reversibility means that the child understands that these changes can be reversed, which is a logical consequence of their understanding of conservation. The other options, animism, object permanence, and metaphors and analogies, are not directly related to conservation of mass or volume.

Question 5

Which of the following terms applies to thinking about how to think?

Accepted Answer

Metacognition refers to the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. It involves thinking about how to think, self-reflection, and monitoring one's own cognitive abilities.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of what Piaget termed concrete operations?

Accepted Answer

Reversibility is a concept that falls under concrete operations, which is one of the stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage occurs between the ages of 7 to 11 years old and is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects or events. Reversibility refers to the ability to mentally reverse an action. For example, a child in this stage can understand that pouring water from a short, wide glass into a tall, narrow glass does not change the amount of water.

Question 7

If Doreen understands class inclusion,then she understands

Accepted Answer

Class inclusion is the understanding that a larger category (e.g., animals) can include smaller subcategories (e.g., mammals, birds, fish). Option B is an example of this understanding. Option A is not related to class inclusion. Option C is an example of a task that involves multiple steps or subtasks, but not necessarily class inclusion. Option D refers to the application of abstract principles to everyday life, but this is not the definition of class inclusion.

Question 8

Which of the following is the best example of a child's use of inductive logic?

Accepted Answer

Inductive logic involves making generalizations based on specific observations. Imani's conclusion about his teacher's kindness from a single observation is an example of inductive reasoning.

Question 9

A child who can tell you what study methods work best for different subjects or what subjects are hardest for her to learn would be displaying which of the following skills?

Accepted Answer

The skill being described is metacognition, which is the ability to reflect on one's own thinking and learning processes.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines deductive logic?

Accepted Answer

Deductive logic is a form of reasoning based on hypothetical premises that requires the ability to use a general principle to predict a specific outcome. It involves starting with a general idea and then reasoning down to a specific conclusion.

Question 11

In Robert Siegler's research on problem solving,children who use Rule I

Accepted Answer

Rule I refers to a problem-solving strategy used by children that focuses on only one aspect of a problem. They do not consider multiple dimensions or characteristics, but rather rely on a simple rule to solve the problem. This is a common strategy used by young children, but they typically move beyond this level with age and experience.

Question 12

Which of the following terms do developmentalists use to refer to the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists use the term "processing efficiency" to refer to the ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity. This refers to the ability to process information quickly and accurately, allowing individuals to make optimal use of their working memory resources. Option A, developmental processing, is not a commonly used term in developmental psychology. Option B, capacity expansion, refers to increasing the capacity of working memory over time through practice and training, which is related but distinct from processing efficiency. Option D, expanded efficiency, is not a widely recognized term in the field.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best example of a child's use of deductive logic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 14

Siegler suggests that children's cognitive development occurs with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Siegler's model of cognitive development emphasizes the acquisition of basic rules and strategies that children apply to new problems, which evolve with experience and practice.

Question 15

Which one of the following questions would be the focus of psychologists who use the information-processing perspective to understand children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing perspective focuses on how children process and organize information in their minds, including how their memory works. Therefore, understanding how short-term memory capacity changes with age would be a key question for psychologists using this perspective.

Question 16

In support of the hypothesis that improved processing efficiency accounts for cognitive development,researchers have found that children's thinking and response time

Accepted Answer

Research supports the hypothesis that improved processing efficiency accounts for cognitive development through the finding that children's thinking and response time actually get faster with age. This implies that their cognitive mechanisms become more efficient over time.

Question 17

To help himself remember the colors of the visible spectrum,Cam said,"ROY G BIV," where each color is represented by a letter.This is an example of the use of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The use of "ROYGBIV" is an example of a mnemonic, which is a memory aid used to help remember information.

Question 18

To help herself remember the items she was to get from the market,Anna repeated the five-item list over and over under her breath.This is an example of which information-processing strategy?

Accepted Answer

Repeating the list over and over is an example of rehearsal, which is a strategy of repetition to maintain information in short-term memory for longer periods of time. Mnemonics involves associating information with a memorable phrase or image, systematic searching involves breaking information into smaller parts to search for connections, and organization involves categorizing information in a meaningful way. While these strategies may also be helpful in information processing, none of them are specifically demonstrated in the given scenario.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered to be the basis of children's cognitive development,according to most theorists?

Accepted Answer

Increases in processing efficiency with age are considered fundamental to cognitive development, as they allow children to process information more quickly and effectively, leading to improvements in memory, problem-solving, and learning.

Question 20

Which of the following represents the key contrast between Piaget's and Siegler's views on children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Piaget emphasized the role of age in cognitive development, while Siegler focused more on the importance of experience and learning.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood