Question 1

Children whose IQ scores are below ________ may have an intellectual disability,and those who score above ________ are often called gifted.

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability is generally defined as having an IQ below 70 coupled with difficulties in adaptive behaviors such as self-care, social skills, and work. The term "gifted" is often applied to individuals with IQ scores above 130.

Question 2

Researchers who have analyzed the IQ scores of adopted twins have found that identical twins are more like one another in IQ than fraternal twins are.They also have found that the IQs of adopted children are more strongly correlated with the IQs of their biological parents than with the IQs of their adoptive parents.These research results suggest

Accepted Answer

The finding that identical twins are more similar in IQ than fraternal twins suggests that genetics play a role in intelligence. Additionally, the fact that adopted children's IQs are more strongly correlated with their biological parents' IQs than their adoptive parents' IQs further supports the influence of genetics. However, this does not mean that environment has no impact on IQ, as environmental factors can still affect the expression of genes related to intelligence. It also does not mean that a child's intellectual capacity is fixed at birth, as environmental factors and experiences can still influence intellectual development.

Question 3

When children have learned a basic rule of language,such as how to form a plural or a past tense,and then begin to apply the rule when it seems correct,even though it is incorrect,what are they doing?

Accepted Answer

When children overapply a grammatical rule, such as adding "-ed" to form a past tense for irregular verbs, it is known as overregularizing. This is a common part of language development as children begin to understand and apply the rules they have learned, but may not yet have a full understanding of irregularities in the language.

Question 4

Which of the following is true regarding invented spelling?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who use invented spelling before beginning formal schooling are more likely to become good spellers and readers later in childhood. This is because it allows them to develop phonemic awareness and an understanding of the alphabetic principle.

Question 5

Jona is taking a test that measures how efficiently he processes information.What type of scale is being used?

Accepted Answer

The test is measuring the efficiency with which Jona processes information, which suggests that a processing-speed scale is being used. This type of scale measures how quickly and accurately someone can complete mental tasks, such as solving math problems or identifying patterns.

Question 6

Which of the following activities would help a child develop phonological awareness?

Accepted Answer

Word play involves activities such as rhyming, alliteration, and blending sounds, which can help children become more aware of the sounds in words and develop phonological awareness. Memorization may improve memory skills but does not specifically target phonological awareness. Listening to a foreign language may improve listening skills but does not necessarily promote phonological awareness in one's primary language. Dialogic reading is beneficial for developing vocabulary, comprehension, and critical thinking skills, but not as effective as word play in developing phonological awareness.

Question 7

What are two subgroups of the Wechsler intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler intelligence tests have two subgroups - verbal scales and performance scales. The verbal scales measure verbal concept formation, knowledge, comprehension, and reasoning abilities. The performance scales measure perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory.

Question 8

Which of the following is a factual statement about differences in IQ test scores in the United States?

Accepted Answer

B) Chinese and Japanese children consistently scoring higher on achievement tests, particularly in math and science, is a factual statement reflecting observed trends in educational assessments. This does not imply causation but indicates a statistical difference in performance on these specific types of tests.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the stability of children's IQ scores is correct?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that IQ scores are quite stable from year to year, with correlations between year-to-year IQ scores in middle childhood typically in the range of .80. This suggests that IQ scores are a reliable measure of a child's cognitive abilities over time.

Question 10

In the United States,the major cause of death of preschool and school-age children is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States,the major cause of...

Question 11

Which of the following terms describes a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to his language?

Accepted Answer

Phonological awareness refers to a child's ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds (phonemes) in words. It includes the sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to the child's language, such as recognizing that words in English often end in -ing or that certain letters often represent certain sounds. Dialogic sensitivity refers to a child's ability to participate in conversations and understand social cues in communication. Operational efficiency refers to a child's ability to efficiently process and manipulate information. Semantic acuity refers to a child's ability to understand and use language to express meaning.

Question 12

When the Stanford-Binet was first developed,how was the intelligence quotient calculated?

Accepted Answer

When the Stanford-Binet was first developed, the intelligence quotient was calculated by dividing the mental age (MA) of the individual by their chronological age (CA) and then multiplying the result by 100. This gave an IQ score that was a ratio of mental age to chronological age, expressed as a percentage. Therefore, the correct formula for calculating IQ is MA/CA x 100. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 13

In the United States,most cases of child abuse involve ________ injuries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States,most cases of child...

Question 14

Approximately what percentage of children will score within the average range of IQ testing?

Accepted Answer

The average range on an IQ test is typically considered to be within one standard deviation of the mean. This encompasses approximately 67% of the population, so choice C is the correct answer.

Question 15

Research shows which of the following to be true regarding children who are enrolled in Head Start or a similar enriched preschool program?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who are enrolled in Head Start or similar enriched preschool programs are more likely to achieve in school and to graduate from high school compared to their peers who did not attend such programs. However, research has not found conclusive evidence of lasting gains in IQ. While attachment with teachers and school officials is important for children, research does not specifically support option B as a direct benefit of Head Start or similar programs. Option A is incorrect as several studies have found that enriched preschool programs lead to lasting positive effects on children's cognitive, social, and emotional development beyond first grade.

Question 16

Left handedness accounts for ________% of the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Left handedness accounts for ________% of the...

Question 17

Robinson is giving five-year-old Deion a pre-kindergarten physical examination.When Dr.Robinson asks Deion to draw a picture of his house,Deion's ________ are being assessed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robinson is giving five-year-old Deion a pre-kindergarten...

Question 18

Which of the following is correct regarding the correlation between children's test scores and their current or later grades in school?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown a strong positive correlation (about .50 to .60) between children's test scores and their current or later grades in school. This means that the higher a student's test score, the more likely they are to achieve higher grades in school. However, it's important to note that while there is a strong correlation, it is not a guarantee and there are many other factors that can affect a student's academic success.

Question 19

Which of the following is a behavior seen in the parents of children with high IQs?

Accepted Answer

Talking to their children often is a behavior seen in parents of high IQ children. Research has shown that parents who engage in extensive conversations with their children and expose them to a variety of experiences can help enhance their intelligence.

Answer: B
 Aiming their conversation at a level just below what the children could handle on their own is another behavior seen in parents of high IQ children. This is known as "scaffolding" - where parents provide support and guidance to their children as they tackle challenging tasks that are just beyond their current abilities.

Answer: C
 Not reacting to cues from their children is not a behavior typically seen in parents of high IQ children. Parents who are attuned and responsive to their children's cues and needs tend to raise more confident and capable children, irrespective of their IQ levels.

Answer: D
 Providing play materials that are above the level of their children is also not a behavior commonly seen in parents of high IQ children. Instead, parents who encourage their children to explore and experiment with varied objects and materials in their environment, at their own pace, tend to foster intellectual curiosity and creativity in their children.

Question 20

When the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex undergo functional specialization,it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the left and right hemispheres of...

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Children whose IQ scores are below may have an intellectual disability,and those who score above are often called gifted.