Question 1

In Milgram's obedience experiments, participants were more likely to administer maximum shocks when _____ than they were when _____.

Accepted Answer

Participants were more likely to administer maximum shocks when the experiment was conducted in a prestigious location, such as Yale University, compared to when it was conducted in a run-down office building. The presence of the experimenter also significantly increased obedience, making participants more likely to follow orders to administer shocks.

Question 2

In Milgram's baseline experiment, the learner begins to complain about the shocks at which voltage level?

Accepted Answer

At 120 volts, the learner (who was actually a confederate in on the experiment) began to express discomfort, marking the start of the scripted responses to the shocks.

Question 3

In which condition of Milgram's experiments did the percentage of participants who administered the maximum shock drop to 0 percent?

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's experiments, when two experimenters disagreed about continuing the shocking, it created a situation of authority conflict, leading participants to stop administering shocks, resulting in 0% administering the maximum shock.

Question 4

Reverend Jim Jones used which compliance techniques to successfully recruit members?

Accepted Answer

Reverend Jim Jones used both foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques to successfully recruit members. He would start with a small request or commitment (foot-in-the-door) and then follow up with a larger request (door-in-the-face) to increase the likelihood of compliance. This was seen in his recruitment tactics where he would start with small meetings and invitations before escalating to requests for large donations and ultimately leading members to move to his compound in Guyana.

Question 5

The mass suicide among followers of Reverend Jim Jones occurred in the alien and uncertain environment of the rain forests of Guyana. Which factor may have played an important role in many followers' decision to commit suicide?

Accepted Answer

Informational social influence likely played a significant role, as followers may have relied on the group's collective judgment and the authority of Jim Jones in an unfamiliar and stressful environment, leading them to conform to the group's decision to commit suicide.

Question 6

The "Astroten" study extended Milgram's work to which situation?

Accepted Answer

The "Astroten" study extended Milgram's work to the situation of nurses instructed to give excess medication, specifically in a space simulation environment.

Question 7

All of the following factors, except one, were involved in the recruitment of Reverend Jones's followers and their eventual mass suicide. Which one was NOT applicable to this situation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following factors, except one,...

Question 8

To avoid ethical issues, Slater et al. (2006) designed a computer-based obedience study. In the visible condition, participants saw and heard the avatar representing the learner, and in the hidden condition, participants saw only text responses. Findings indicated that the proportion of participants administering the highest shock was _____ in the visible condition and that participants _____ aroused in this artificial situation.

Accepted Answer

The study was designed to avoid ethical issues, so it is expected that the proportion of participants administering the highest shock in the visible condition would be smaller. Additionally, the participants were not expected to be aroused in this artificial situation, which favors option A.

Question 9

Which of Milgram's experimental conditions described below produced the lowest level of obedience?

Accepted Answer

In the condition where two confederates disobeyed the experimenter, participants were more likely to also disobey and refuse to continue administering shocks. This suggests that the presence of peer disobedience can influence individual obedience levels.

Question 10

Results of the "Astroten" study indicated _____ of the nurses and nursing students said they would not follow a phone order for excess medication and _____ of the nurses actually obeyed the order when it was given.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Results of the "Astroten" study indicated _____...

Question 11

Which statement about Milgram's investigations is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's post-experiment interviews indicated that most participants did not suffer long-term harmful emotional distress, and many reported being glad to have participated.

Question 12

In Milgram's pilot study in which the learner did not complain, _____ of the participants continued to 450 volts. In the replication of the baseline study when the learner complained, _____ of the participants continued to 450 volts.

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's pilot study where the learner did not complain, nearly 100 percent of the participants continued to 450 volts. In the replication of the baseline study when the learner complained, 65 percent of the participants continued to 450 volts.

Question 13

Based on Milgram's obedience study, it would be expected that a military soldier would be LEAST likely to follow orders to shoot an enemy combatant in which circumstance?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's obedience study showed that the presence of conflicting orders or dissenting opinions from authority figures decreased obedience. In this scenario, if two high-ranking officers are disagreeing about whether or not the soldier should shoot, it creates a conflicting order and dissenting opinions. Therefore, the soldier would be least likely to follow orders in this circumstance.

Question 14

The social facilitation effect is explained by the finding(s) that when performing a task in the presence of others, _____.

Accepted Answer

The social facilitation effect refers to the tendency for people to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks when in the presence of others. This is believed to occur because the presence of others increases arousal, which enhances the individual's dominant response - the most likely response in a given situation.

Question 15

Which factor likely contributed to Reverend Jones's success in gaining financial support for his religious cult?

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door technique involves getting a person to agree to a small request first, which increases the likelihood of them agreeing to a larger request later. This method is often used in gaining financial support or commitment over time.

Question 16

Compared to the baseline compliance rate of 62.5 percent, participants in Milgram's obedience study were _____ likely to administer the maximum shock when the experiment was conducted in a run-down office building and _____ likely to administer the maximum shock when the teacher and learner were in the same room.

Accepted Answer

Participants were less likely to administer the maximum shock in both scenarios: when the experiment was conducted in a run-down office building and when the teacher and learner were in the same room, compared to the baseline compliance rate.

Question 17

Milgram employed the _____ compliance technique to elicit obedience from his participants.

Accepted Answer

Milgram used the foot-in-the-door compliance technique, in which a small request is followed by a larger request, to elicit obedience from his participants. In this case, the small request was to give a shock of low voltage, and the larger request was to give shocks of increasingly higher voltage.

Question 18

Compared to Milgram's baseline condition, which increased the percentage of participants who administered the maximum shock?

Accepted Answer

Taking direct responsibility for giving a shock away from the teacher increased obedience because it reduced the personal responsibility felt by the participant, leading to higher rates of administering the maximum shock.

Question 19

Compared to the baseline compliance rate of 62.5 percent, participants in Milgram's obedience study were _____ likely to administer the maximum shock when the teacher did not have direct responsibility for administering the shock and were _____ likely to administer the maximum shock when the experiment was conducted in a run-down office building.

Accepted Answer

Participants were more likely to administer the maximum shock when they did not have direct responsibility, as responsibility was transferred to someone else, making it easier to comply. They were less likely to administer the maximum shock in a run-down office building because the authority of the setting was diminished, leading to lower obedience rates.

Question 20

Packer's (2008) meta-analysis of Milgram's studies revealed that _____ was the critical juncture at which most participants were MOST likely to disobey.

Accepted Answer

Packer's meta-analysis showed that at 150 volts, 11% of participants were likely to disobey. This was the highest level of disobedience before it dropped off again at 180 volts. Therefore, C) 150 volts is the best choice.

Quiz 9: Section 2: Social Psychology

In Milgram's obedience experiments, participants were more likely to administer maximum shocks when _ than they were when _.