Question 1

Sarah is trying to say the phrase "big blue bird," and it comes out "big blue blird." She has made a

Accepted Answer

A slip of the tongue is a common speech error where a speaker accidentally substitutes one word or sound for another. In this case, Sarah substituted "blird" for "bird."

Question 2

How is the concept of gist relevant when you are planning to speak a sentence?

Accepted Answer

When planning to speak a sentence, understanding the overall meaning or gist of the message we want to convey is crucial. This helps us organize our thoughts and choose the appropriate words and sentence structures to express our intended meaning.

Question 3

What can we conclude about the accuracy of speech production?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that even high-status speakers, such as news anchors or politicians, produce a significant number of speech errors. However, it is not accurate to say that speech production is only about 45% accurate or that people frequently make errors with rare phoneme combinations. Speech production is generally considered to be more accurate than language comprehension.

Question 4

Caroline gestures rhythmically with her hand while rattling off a list of bones in the human body.Caroline is using a(n)

Accepted Answer

Caroline's gesture is a beat gesture, which is a type of gesture that reinforces the rhythm or prosodic structure of speech. It is not a deictic gesture, which is a pointing gesture used to refer to an object or location, or an iconic gesture, which represents a concrete object or idea. It is also not a formal gesture, which is a prescribed or formalized gesture used in specific contexts such as ceremonies or performances.

Question 5

Melody points to the Student Union while giving directions to a new student.Melody has made a(n)

Accepted Answer

A deictic gesture is a pointing gesture used to indicate a specific object or location, such as Melody pointing to the Student Union while giving directions. Iconic gestures are used to represent the shape or motion of an object, beat gestures are used to emphasize or accentuate speech, and formal gestures are choreographed and stylized movements used in formal situations such as dances or ceremonies.

Question 6

If you give a friend a fairly lengthy description about how you studied for your last exam,you are producing

Accepted Answer

The lengthy description about how you studied for your last exam is an example of a discourse, which refers to longer, extended pieces of language that have a specific purpose or goal. Prosody refers to the patterns of stress and intonation in language, directives are requests or commands, and pragmatics refers to how context and social factors influence language use.

Question 7

Why is research on language comprehension easier to conduct than research on language production?

Accepted Answer

Language comprehension involves understanding and processing language, which can be influenced by changing the language input and observing the effects. This makes it easier to manipulate variables and study comprehension. In contrast, language production involves generating language, which is influenced by more complex and less controllable factors, making it harder to manipulate variables and study production.

Question 8

Suppose that you are telling a story.According to the research on narratives,

Accepted Answer

Research on narratives suggests that they generally have a clear structure in terms of the order in which events are presented, such as a beginning, middle, and end. While interruptions and questions may occur, they are not necessarily a defining feature of narrative discourse. Preplanning the organization of the narrative may occur to some extent, but it is not a universal characteristic. Finally, narratives may begin with a variety of elements, such as setting the scene or introducing characters, rather than immediately emphasizing the point of the narrative.

Question 9

Saying "incycled reformation" when you meant to say "recycled information" is an example of a

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saying "incycled reformation" when you meant to...

Question 10

The term discourse refers to

Accepted Answer

Discourse refers to language that extends beyond a single sentence, encompassing longer units of conversation, such as paragraphs, speeches, or entire texts.

Question 11

According to Dell's explanation,a slip-of-the-tongue occurs because of

Accepted Answer

Dell's explanation suggests that slip-of-the-tongue errors occur due to interference from inappropriate sounds that are highly active in the speech production process.

Question 12

According to Dell's theory of speech errors,

Accepted Answer

Dell's theory proposes that slip-of-the-tongue errors occur because each individual sound can be activated by multiple words, leading to competition between those words during the production process. This is known as lexical competition.

Question 13

According to the discussion of word production in Chapter10,

Accepted Answer

The discussion in Chapter10 suggests that during language production, information about three components of language - grammar, meaning, and sound - are simultaneously retrieved.

Answer: C
 The discussion in Chapter10 suggests that making a hand gesture can aid in the retrieval of a particular noun during word production.

Answer: D
 The discussion in Chapter10 indicates that most college-educated North Americans have a speaking vocabulary of about 25,000 words. However, this is not directly related to the discussion of word production and is stated as a general fact.

Therefore, the best choices are B and C.

Question 14

Psychologists have conducted more research on language comprehension than on language production.Which of the following students provides the best explanation for this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

Language comprehension is easier to study in a laboratory setting because researchers can present participants with different types of stimuli (e.g., spoken words, written words, sentences with different grammatical structures) and measure their comprehension. In contrast, measuring language production requires researchers to observe participants as they speak or write, which can be more difficult to quantify and analyze. Therefore, the ease of experimentation likely contributes to the discrepancy in research between language comprehension and language production.

Question 15

A narrative usually concludes with

Accepted Answer

A signal that the narrative is complete is usually the most typical way to conclude a story. It could be indicated by a specific phrase, an abrupt ending, or the resolution of the conflict. Concluding with a brief overview of the story or summary of the characters and setting may not give a satisfactory ending, while the point of the story is often conveyed throughout the narrative.

Question 16

One reason that psychologists conduct relatively little research on language production is that

Accepted Answer

Language production involves manipulating various independent variables, such as syntactic structure, word choice, and intonation, making it difficult to control all necessary variables in research. Therefore, it is challenging to design experimental studies that can effectively manipulate independent variables without introducing confounding factors. Thus, psychologists conduct relatively little research on language production.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about language production is correct?

Accepted Answer

Language production involves the process of generating language, which is more difficult to study than language comprehension, where one can observe and measure the processing of language input. As a result, there has been more research conducted on language comprehension than on language production.

Question 18

Stephen is describing an explosion in an action film,and pushes his open-fingered hands violently into the air to simulate the outward force.Stephen has made a(n)

Accepted Answer

Stephen's gesture is iconic because it represents the action of an explosion in a visual way, even though it is not actually producing the explosion itself.

Question 19

Which of the following students provides the most accurate statement about the specific kind of discourse known as a narrative?

Accepted Answer

A narrative is a type of discourse where the speaker (or writer) describes a series of events or a story. The speaker does not necessarily talk uninterrupted for the entire narrative, but rather, the narrative consists of a series of connected statements that convey a story. Tonya's statement accurately captures this aspect of a narrative. B, C, and D do not accurately describe a narrative.

Question 20

Suppose that you want to say,"red bugs," and instead you say,"beg rugs." This kind of slip-of-the-tongue error is called a

Accepted Answer

This type of error is a sound error because the speaker mixed up the sounds in the words "red" and "bugs" to create a new phrase "beg rugs".

Quiz 10: Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism