Question 1

After correcting for differences in body weight,women drinking the same amount of ethanol as men have:

Accepted Answer

Women generally have a higher percentage of body fat compared to men, which results in less water to dilute the alcohol, leading to higher blood ethanol levels.

Question 2

The first step in the metabolism of ethanol occurs through action of the enzyme:

Accepted Answer

The first step in the metabolism of ethanol occurs through the action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts ethanol to acetaldehyde.

Question 3

The sedation and muscle relaxation produced by alcohol are thought to be the result of:

Accepted Answer

Alcohol binds to and enhances the activity of the GABA-A receptor, which is responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. This leads to sedation and muscle relaxation.

Question 4

The first step in the metabolism of ethanol is conversion to:

Accepted Answer

Ethanol is first metabolized to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 5

The first step in the metabolism of ethanol is its conversion to:

Accepted Answer

The first step of ethanol metabolism is its conversion to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 6

Women have higher blood ethanol levels than men,after correcting for body weight,because women have:

Accepted Answer

Women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomach, leading to less alcohol being metabolized before it enters the bloodstream, resulting in higher blood ethanol levels compared to men.

Question 7

Metabolism of ethanol occurs to the greatest extent in the _______,and to a lesser extent in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metabolism of ethanol occurs to the greatest...

Question 8

The third step in the metabolism of ethanol is conversion to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The third step in the metabolism of...

Question 9

All of the following are believed to be mechanisms of action of moderate doses of ethanol,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Moderate doses of ethanol do not affect ACh receptor activity, while they do affect intracellular transduction processes, NMDA receptor activity and GABA receptor activity.

Question 10

After correcting for differences in body weight,men and women drinking the same amount of ethanol have:

Accepted Answer

Women have a higher blood ethanol level than men after correcting for differences in body weight. This is because women have a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of water than men. Blood ethanol is soluble in water, so the lower the percentage of water in the body, the higher the blood ethanol concentration.

Question 11

The vast majority (approximately 85 percent)of the metabolism of ethanol occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for breaking down approximately 85 percent of ethanol during metabolism, through the action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. The remaining ethanol is eliminated through exhalation, urine, and sweat.

Question 12

Researchers now believe most of the effects of moderate doses of ethanol:

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that ethanol's effects are due to its specific actions at certain neurotransmitter receptors, such as GABA and NMDA receptors, rather than nonspecific effects on cell membranes.

Question 13

Women have far _______ gastric metabolism than men owing to ________ levels of alcohol dehydrogenase.

Accepted Answer

Women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase compared to men, leading to less gastric metabolism of alcohol.

Question 14

Many of the effects of ethanol are believed to be due to:

Accepted Answer

Ethanol is believed to block glutamate action at the NMDA receptor and enhance GABA action. This combination leads to the sedative and anxiolytic effects of ethanol. Blockade of the NMDA receptor by ethanol can also lead to memory impairment and cognitive deficits.

Question 15

Drinking alcohol on a full stomach _______ the time that ethanol is susceptible to first-pass metabolism and results in _________ blood ethanol levels.

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol on a full stomach increases the time ethanol is exposed to first-pass metabolism, leading to decreased blood ethanol levels.

Question 16

"Anticraving" drugs used to treat ethanol dependency include:

Accepted Answer

NMDA blockers and GABA agonists are used to treat ethanol dependency because they help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms by modulating neurotransmitter systems affected by alcohol.

Question 17

Rapid gastric emptying _______ the time that ethanol is susceptible to first-pass metabolism and results in ________ blood ethanol levels.

Accepted Answer

Rapid gastric emptying reduces the time ethanol is exposed to first-pass metabolism in the stomach and liver, leading to increased blood ethanol levels.

Question 18

Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach:

Accepted Answer

Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach slows down alcohol metabolism by slowing down gastric emptying. When there is no food in the stomach to slow down the passage of alcohol into the small intestine, it gets absorbed more quickly, leading to a rapid increase in blood alcohol concentration. This can lead to more severe intoxication and increase the risk of alcohol-related harm.

Question 19

Ethanol is metabolized in the ________ in its "first-pass metabolism."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ethanol is metabolized in the ________ in...

Question 20

The second step in the metabolism of ethanol is conversion to:

Accepted Answer

The second step in ethanol metabolism involves the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. Formaldehyde is not a product of this step and is not involved in ethanol metabolism. Option A is incorrect because alcohol dehydrogenase is the enzyme responsible for the first step of ethanol metabolism, not the second step. Option B is incorrect because it is the first step in ethanol metabolism, not the second step.

Quiz 13: Ethyl Alcohol and the Inhalants of Abuse