Question 1

Which of the following is the central aspect of an individual's personality?

Accepted Answer

The self is the central aspect of an individual's personality, which includes beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors that define who they are. Identity, perception, and self-assessment are important components of the self but do not encompass the entirety of an individual's personality.

Question 2

For most children, the ability to recognize oneself in the mirror occurs around _____ year(s) of age.

Accepted Answer

Most children develop the ability to recognize themselves in the mirror around 18 to 24 months, which is approximately 2 years of age.

Question 3

What individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they dread they will become constitutes the:

Accepted Answer

The possible self refers to the range of future selves or identities that individuals envision for themselves, including who they might become, what they would like to become, and what they fear they will become.

Question 4

Ted is popular because he displays an understanding of his friends' needs and communicates well.He is adept at:

Accepted Answer

Ted's popularity is attributed to his ability to understand his friends' needs, which involves perspective-taking. Perspective-taking is the ability to understand or see a situation from someone else's point of view. Therefore, choice C, perspective-taking, is the best answer. Goal directing and abstraction are not mentioned in the description of Ted's skills. While self-understanding can be valuable, it is not explicitly mentioned as a reason for Ted's popularity.

Question 5

Twenty-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Michael will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

By 18 to 24 months, most children develop self-recognition and will touch their own nose when they see the spot in the mirror, indicating they understand the reflection is of themselves.

Question 6

American-born youth of ethnic descent have to learn how to adapt and mesh many different worlds.This task requires considerable:

Accepted Answer

Self-integration is the process of combining different aspects of one's identity, which is essential for American-born youth of ethnic descent as they navigate and adapt to multiple cultural influences.

Question 7

Todd explains that he is different from Davion because he is tall and has blonde hair and Davion is short and has brown hair.Todd is a(n):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Todd explains that he is different from...

Question 8

Mary Ann wants to help her young daughter better understand what other people are feeling.What should Mary Ann say to help her daughter understand others?

Accepted Answer

Mary Ann should encourage her daughter to consider the feelings of others by asking her to think about her friend's emotions, which helps develop empathy.

Question 9

Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team, a member of a family, loves computer games, and hates peanut butter.This is Dewey's:

Accepted Answer

Self-understanding refers to one's awareness and knowledge of oneself, including personal characteristics, preferences, and abilities. Dewey's comprehension of himself as a 10-year-old boy who is on the chess team, a member of a family, loves computer games, and hates peanut butter shows his self-understanding. Self-esteem refers to one's overall sense of self-worth or value, personality refers to enduring traits and patterns of behavior, and character refers to moral or ethical qualities.

Question 10

Being attentive and positive toward one's image in a mirror appears as early as _____ month(s) old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Being attentive and positive toward one's image...

Question 11

Which of the following explains why young children have unrealistically positive self-descriptions?

Accepted Answer

Young children have unrealistically positive self-descriptions because they don't yet distinguish between their desired and actual competence, they don't compare their own abilities with others, and they don't distinguish their real from their ideal self.

Question 12

Jana is discovering her likes and dislikes, talents and abilities.It seems that her persona changes frequently.In the last month, she has characterized herself as a tomboy, dancer, and honor student.This is an example of Jana's:

Accepted Answer

Jana's changing self-identification and characterization indicate a fluctuating self, meaning her self-concept is not yet stable and still developing. An abstract self refers to a person's general ideas and beliefs about themselves, while a real self pertains to a person's perception of their actual qualities and attributes. Self-consciousness, on the other hand, is the awareness and concern for one's own appearance and behavior in social situations.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I am never scared" is an example of an unrealistically positive overestimation because it is highly unlikely that a young child never experiences fear.

Question 14

When describing herself, Cali says that she is the oldest child in her family, is president of the honor society at school, has a few close friends, and is on the student council.These aspects of Cali's self-understanding are based on?

Accepted Answer

Cali's description of herself is based on roles (oldest child, president of the honor society, member of the student council) and membership categories (part of a family, honor society, group of friends, student council), which are external or social aspects of her identity.

Question 15

In general terms, the preschool child's understanding of self is:

Accepted Answer

The preschool child's understanding of self is primarily physical or active, as they are still developing their abstract thinking skills and rely heavily on their sensory experiences and physical interactions with the world around them to understand themselves and their place in it. Symbolic thinking and the ability to understand themselves in more abstract terms will develop as they grow and mature. The understanding of self at this stage is also transitory, as their understanding will continue to evolve as they gain new experiences and knowledge.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of how a 5-year-old child might perceive a friend in terms of psychological traits?

Accepted Answer

A 5-year-old child is more likely to perceive a friend in terms of observable behavior such as being funny, kind or sharing toys, rather than physical attributes such as hair color or height. Choice A is simply a statement about where the friend lives, while choice B is a physical characteristic.

Question 17

Kelsy wants to become a teacher, lawyer, or singer.She is a talented, intelligent girl who vows not to be satisfied in a dead end job.Kelsy is considering her:

Accepted Answer

Kelsy is considering her possible self, which refers to the self-concept of who one might become in the future, including aspirations, goals, and dreams. Kelsy's desire to become a teacher, lawyer, or singer and her determination not to settle for a dead-end job reflects her possible self.

Question 18

In a recent cross-cultural study, older children showed increased skepticism of others' self-reports concerning value-laden traits.Which of the following would a 10- to 11-year-old most likely reject?

Accepted Answer

Older children tend to be more skeptical of self-reports concerning value-laden traits, such as honesty. Therefore, a 10- to 11-year-old is more likely to reject claims that someone never lies. Choice B, C, and D are not necessarily value-laden traits and may not be subject to skepticism.

Question 19

Leigh understands that she upset her brother when she lost his favorite ball and wants to replace it to make him happy.Leigh is displaying:

Accepted Answer

Leigh is showing perspective taking, as she recognizes her brother's point of view and wants to make amends to make him happy. This requires her to understand how her actions affected him and try to empathize with his feelings.

Question 20

Mariah identifies herself as a kind person, a girl scout, and the best soccer player on her team.Mariah is in:

Accepted Answer

Mariah's self-identification reflects an understanding of her abilities and qualities, suggesting that she is in middle to late childhood. This is a developmental phase where children begin to understand themselves in more complex ways and compare themselves to others. In adolescence and adulthood, self-identification may change and become more nuanced. Early childhood is characterized by more simplistic self-identities, and children may not be able to articulate their qualities and abilities as clearly.

Quiz 11: The Self, Identity, and Personality