Question 1

Activities that use large muscles develop:

Accepted Answer

Activities that use large muscles, such as running, jumping, and climbing, develop gross motor skills, which involve the coordination and control of large muscle groups in the body. Fine motor skills, on the other hand, involve the coordination and control of small muscle groups in the hands and fingers, and are developed through activities such as drawing, writing, and cutting with scissors. The Moro reflex is an involuntary response to a sudden loud noise or movement, and visual tracking involves the ability to follow and coordinate eye movements in response to visual stimuli.

Question 2

Shawn is 5 years old and sucks his thumb.His mother is worried that thumb sucking will become a lifelong habit.A developmental psychologist would MOST likely advise Shawn's mother to:

Accepted Answer

According to research, thumb sucking is a common and normal behavior in young children that typically goes away on its own without intervention. Therefore, a developmental psychologist would likely advise Shawn's mother to relax and not worry too much about the behavior. It's important to note that if the behavior persists beyond age 6, it may be worth discussing with a pediatrician or dentist to avoid any potential dental or speech issues.

Question 3

Baby Chloe startles when she hears a loud sound.She arches her back, throws back her head, and flings out her arms.Which reflex is she demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

The Moro reflex is commonly known as the startle reflex and is demonstrated when a loud noise or sudden movement surprises a baby. The baby will arch their back, throw back their head, and fling out their arms as a response to being startled.

Question 4

Which reflex involves many responses from the whole body?

Accepted Answer

The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, involves a whole-body response including sudden extension of the arms and legs, spreading of the fingers, and a brief cry. This reflex is usually triggered by a loud noise or sudden movement and is thought to be a primitive survival reflex.

Question 5

Infants root in order to:

Accepted Answer

Infants root in order to find something to suck, as this is a natural reflex for them to obtain nourishment from their mother's breast or a bottle. Rooting is a way for infants to locate a food source and satisfy their hunger.

Question 6

How long does it take for most infants to establish a sucking style that matches how mothers hold them, how the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast, and the infant's temperament?

Accepted Answer

It usually takes several weeks for infants to establish a sucking style that matches how mothers hold them, how the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast, and the infant's temperament. This period of learning and adjustment can be frustrating for both the infant and caregiver, but it is important to persevere and seek support from healthcare providers if necessary.

Question 7

Which reflex helps to ensure that an infant obtains nourishment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which reflex helps to ensure that an...

Question 8

Marta is growing quickly.Many of the reflexes with which she was born are fading.She is developing new abilities such as sitting and standing but is not yet able to climb or ride on riding toys.Marta is in her:

Accepted Answer

Marta is likely in her first year as she is transitioning from reflexive behaviors to developing motor skills like sitting and standing, which typically occur in the first year of life.

Question 9

Infant reflexes:

Accepted Answer

Infant reflexes are involuntary movements or actions that are critical for survival and development, and they often serve as foundational movements that later develop into more complex motor skills.

Question 10

Infants normally are able to sit, stand, stoop, climb, and walk within the first:

Accepted Answer

Infants typically achieve these motor milestones in the first year of life. By around 6 months they may start to sit unsupported, and by 9-10 months they may start to crawl, stand, and cruise along furniture. By 12 months, many infants are able to take their first steps and walk independently. While there is variation in the exact timing of these milestones, most typically-developing infants will have achieved them by their first birthday.

Question 11

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the rooting and sucking reflexes?

Accepted Answer

The rooting reflex is a baby's innate ability to turn their head towards a touch on their cheek, with the purpose of locating a food source. The sucking reflex, on the other hand, involves the actual act of eating food, as the baby will automatically begin to suck when their lips or mouth are touched. Therefore, option B best describes the relationship between the two reflexes. Option C and D are partially correct but do not fully capture the difference between the two reflexes. Option A is incorrect as neither reflex is directly involved in avoiding toxic substances.

Question 12

Baby Karyn has just learned to sit independently.Approximately how old is she?

Accepted Answer

Babies typically learn to sit independently between 4-7 months of age, so the best choice is D which is 6 months old. Option A (1 year) is much too old for this milestone, and options B (3 weeks) and C (2 months) are much too young.

Question 13

Six-month-old Andy is learning to scoot on his tummy in order to obtain nearby toys.This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

The dynamic systems theory of motor coordination suggests that motor development is the result of multiple factors, including muscle strength, sensory feedback, and the child's goals and motivations. In this scenario, Andy's desire to obtain nearby toys is a motivational factor contributing to his motor development as he learns to scoot on his tummy.

Question 14

According to Esther Thelen, motor behaviors are assembled for perceiving and acting.Her theory is called the _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

Esther Thelen's theory is called the dynamic systems theory, which proposes that motor behaviors are a result of the interaction between various environmental and physical factors. The theory emphasizes the importance of the individual's perception and action as well as the dynamic and continuously changing nature of motor behaviors. Choice A and C are not accurate descriptions of Thelen's theory, and choice D is too narrow in its focus on perceptual systems alone.

Question 15

Janice strokes the cheek of newborn Robby.He turns his head toward that cheek and opens his mouth.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Rooting is a reflex in newborns that involves turning their head and searching for a nipple or other source of food. When Janice strokes Robby's cheek, he exhibits this reflex by turning his head toward her touch and opening his mouth in preparation for feeding.

Question 16

The Moro reflex is a response to _____, whereas the grasping reflex is a response to _____.

Accepted Answer

The Moro reflex is a response to a sudden sound or movement, while the grasping reflex is a response to touch on the palm.

Question 17

According to the dynamic systems theory, how do infants develop motor skills?

Accepted Answer

According to the dynamic systems theory, infants develop motor skills by perceiving something new in their environment that motivates them to act. They use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements, resulting in the development of new motor skills. This theory emphasizes the role of both nature (biology) and nurture (environment) in motor development.

Question 18

Adaptive, built-in reactions to stimuli are called:

Accepted Answer

Adaptive, built-in reactions to stimuli are called reflexes. Examples include the sucking reflex, grasping reflex, and rooting reflex. Fine and gross motor skills refer to voluntary movements that develop over time. The Moro reflex is a startle reflex seen in newborns.

Question 19

What mechanisms help infants survive before they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behavior?

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic responses to stimuli and help infants survive before they have an opportunity to learn adaptive behavior. Examples include the rooting reflex, which helps infants find and latch onto a nipple for feeding, and the startle reflex, which helps infants respond to sudden loud noises. Motor skills and vision/hearing develop over time with experience, while dynamic systems theory explains how different skills and abilities interact with each other to support development. However, in terms of survival specifically before learning adaptive behavior, reflexes are the primary mechanism involved.

Question 20

Research shows that infants occasionally take a few large steps when walking.These large steps indicate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Large steps in infants indicate increased balance and strength as they become more confident in their ability to walk and explore their surroundings. It is not necessarily linked to independence or future delay in motor development. While it may result in increased acceleration and speed, this is not the primary reason for the large steps.

Quiz 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development