Question 1

How much do people's personalities differ before and after adolescence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How much do people's personalities differ before...

Question 2

Rose is transitioning from elementary into junior high school and Sally will be starting her senior year of high school in the fall. According to research presented in the textbook, who is more likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the transition from elementary to junior high school is a particularly vulnerable time for children's self-esteem. Therefore, Rose is more likely to experience disruptions in self-esteem than Sally, who is already in her senior year of high school.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model?

Accepted Answer

Gender Intensification is not a personality dimension of the Five-Factor Model. The Five-Factor Model includes the dimensions of Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extraversion. Gender Intensification theory suggests that during adolescence, gender differences become more pronounced and individuals become more stereotypically masculine or feminine.

Question 4

Temperament and personality tend to become _________ as we __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that personality tends to become more stable as we age. This is because older adults have had more experiences and have developed coping mechanisms that shape their personality traits over time. Taking more classes may help with knowledge and skill acquisition, but it is not directly related to personality stability. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 5

According to personality research presented in the textbook, there is evidence that, between adolescence and young adulthood, individuals become:

Accepted Answer

According to personality research presented in the textbook, individuals generally become more emotionally stable and more extraverted between adolescence and young adulthood.

Question 6

Someone who is more likely to engage in excessive false-self behavior is most likely:

Accepted Answer

All of the above options are associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in excessive false-self behavior. Individuals who receive less emotional support from parents and peers may feel the need to present a false self to gain acceptance, and those with lower self-esteem may use excessive false self-presentation as a coping mechanism or to try to project a more favorable image to others. Depressive symptoms may also lead to the adoption of a false self as a way to mask negative emotions or to conform to social expectations.

Question 7

Mei was an impulsive preschooler. It is likely that, as an adolescent, she will be:

Accepted Answer

Personality traits tend to be stable over time, meaning that the impulsive behavior Mei displayed as a preschooler is likely to continue into adolescence.

Question 8

Based on findings from research studies, compared to older adolescents (15 years and older) and preadolescents (8- to 11-year-olds), which of the following statements about young adolescents' self-esteem, self-consciousness, and self-image is false?

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently shown that early adolescents have lower self-esteem compared to their older adolescent counterparts. They also tend to be more self-conscious and have a more unstable self-image during this developmental stage. However, there is no evidence to suggest that early adolescents experience a sharp increase in self-esteem.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a reason that early adolescents might experience fluctuations in self-image?

Accepted Answer

False-self behavior, or presenting a false image to others, can contribute to fluctuations in self-image. However, it is not the only reason and is not the best choice for this question. Egocentrism, the difficulty in seeing things from another person's perspective, the increased importance of peers, and the realization that people may not always be what they seem are all factors that can contribute to fluctuations in self-image during early adolescence.

Question 10

Sean is an adolescent who frequently engages in false-self behavior and also has low self-esteem. One explanation for these two characteristics is that:

Accepted Answer

Sean might engage in false-self behavior because he is low in self-esteem, and he might also be low in self-esteem because he knowingly puts on a false front. Both explanations are plausible and can be interconnected.

Question 11

According to the textbook, young adolescents with __________ also report high levels of anxiety, tension, and adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that young adolescents with a volatile self-image tend to report high levels of anxiety, tension, and adjustment problems.

Question 12

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness measures how organized and responsible someone is. This trait is characterized by behaviors such as being punctual, planning ahead, and following through on commitments.

Question 13

How positively or negatively people feel about themselves defines:

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is defined as the positive or negative evaluation of oneself. Self-regulation involves the ability to control one's own behavior and emotions. Self-attribution refers to the process of assigning causes to one's own behavior or experiences. Self-idealization involves the tendency to view oneself in an overly positive light, with an unrealistic sense of perfection. Out of the given choices, only self-esteem directly relates to how positively or negatively people feel about themselves.

Question 14

Kikko strongly dislikes country music but told Keith, who is a big Garth Brooks fan and her latest love interest, that country music is her favorite and that she would love to go with him to see Garth in concert. This type of behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of the false-self, where Kikko is pretending to like country music to please Keith and present herself as someone she is not.

Question 15

Findings from research studies have found that the most marked fluctuations in self-image occur:

Accepted Answer

The transition into adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. These changes often lead to marked fluctuations in self-image as adolescents begin to explore and question their identity more deeply.

Question 16

What does the Five-Factor Model describe?

Accepted Answer

The Five-Factor Model describes personality dimensions or traits, including openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 17

According to the textbook, which of the following might make individuals especially vulnerable to the effects of stress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook, which of the...

Question 18

During childhood, Cathy had relatively high self-esteem. As she enters adolescence, Cathy's self-esteem is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of During childhood, Cathy had relatively high self-esteem....

Question 19

Studies of ethnic identity development have shown that, relative to ethnic minorities, White adolescents are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that White adolescents are more likely to identify themselves as simply "American" rather than using a specific heritage label. This may be due to the dominant status of White Americans in society, leading to a feeling of not needing to specify their identity in the same way as ethnic minorities who may face more discrimination and marginalization.

Question 20

Racial socialization, the process by which parents teach children about their ethnic identity and the experiences they may encounter within society as a result of this identity, is thought to focus on three major themes. Which of the following is not one of these themes?

Accepted Answer

The three major themes of racial socialization are getting along in mainstream society, dealing with racism, and understanding one's own culture. Intolerance of the majority culture is not a common theme in racial socialization.

Quiz 8: Identity