Question 1

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text showed that under some conditions,participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

Accepted Answer

This study's larger contribution to understanding social cognition is that it shows how priming, a commonly used tool in social psychology research, can activate goals and influence behavior without conscious awareness, providing evidence for the importance of automatic processes in social cognition.

Question 2

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ____ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

Several studies by Nisbett have found that East Asian cultures tend to think holistically, whereas Western cultures tend to think analytically.

Question 3

Ava is at a party,deep in conversation with her friends.Suddenly,she hears her name mentioned in another conversation and her attention turns to monitor that conversation.Clearly,Ava had been unconsciously monitoring the other conversations.Such experiences demonstrate the

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party effect is the ability to focus one's attention on a particular auditory stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, like one's own name in a conversation. Therefore, in this scenario, Ava is demonstrating the cocktail party effect. The other options, such as representativeness heuristic, effects of priming, and availability heuristic, do not accurately describe Ava's situation.

Question 4

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found a(n) ____ difference in how participants described the differences.

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and his colleagues found cultural differences in how participants described the differences between the pictures. Different cultures prioritize different features as important to pay attention to, leading to different perceptions of what constitutes a "difference" between two similar images.

Question 5

When Frederic Bartlett (1932)interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction,the Scot ____,whereas the Bantu herdsman ____.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, the Scotsman consulted his notes while recalling the particulars of the cattle transaction whereas the Bantu herdsman remembered the details from memory. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 6

Culture can influence our schemas by influencing

Accepted Answer

Culture can influence what we notice and remember because cultural backgrounds and experiences can shape what information individuals deem important and relevant. For example, individuals from a collectivistic culture may pay more attention to social relationships and interdependence, which can affect their schemas related to social behavior.

Question 7

Based on the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,if you pass by several churches,then a block or so later a homeless person asks you for change,how are you likely to behave?

Accepted Answer

The study found that priming individuals with religious concepts, such as passing by churches, increased prosocial behavior. Therefore, it is more likely that an individual would give money to the homeless person after passing by the churches.

Question 8

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

Accepted Answer

Bartlett's study suggests that memory is influenced by one's cultural background and the schemas (organized knowledge structures) that individuals develop based on their experiences. Bantu herders have a well-established schema for cattle transactions, which makes it easier for them to recall details accurately. This is not a result of genetics but rather cultural influences. The other options are not supported by the information presented in the question or in Bartlett's study.

Question 9

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they behaved ____.

Accepted Answer

In the study, participants who were primed with words related to God or fairness to others behaved more selflessly. This was observed regardless of the participants' own religious beliefs or affiliations.

Question 10

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,when participants were primed with ____,they left more money for another person.

Accepted Answer

Participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others, which led to them leaving more money for another person in a trust game. The study suggests that priming with religious or moral concepts can increase prosocial behavior.

Question 11

Based on information from your text about cultural differences in thinking,complete the analogy: Western: ____:: Eastern: ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on information from your text about...

Question 12

Iain is from Australia,where people drive on the left-hand side of the road.When he moved to the United States,his accident rate was higher than any of his friends'.Why might this be?

Accepted Answer

Driving schemas differ between the United States and Australia, as Australians drive on the left side of the road, while in the United States, people drive on the right side. This difference can lead to confusion and a higher accident rate for someone used to driving on the opposite side.

Question 13

Considering the results of the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,why is it that when people were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they left more money for the next person?

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that priming participants with concepts related to God or fairness activated their goals of altruism without their awareness, leading them to behave more generously towards the next person.

Question 14

You've rented the movie Sophie's Choice.There is a scene in which Sophie,a recent immigrant from Poland,is both surprised and amused that Americans have so many words for the concept "fast." She reports that in Polish,there is only one word.You've just read Chapter 3 (Social Cognition),and a friend asks you why the cultures differ in that regard.What would you say?

Accepted Answer

This is likely due to the fact that language and culture are intertwined, and that different cultures have different ways of categorizing and conceptualizing the world around them. It is possible that the concept of "fast" is not as salient or well-developed in Polish culture, leading to a lack of need for many different words to describe it.

Question 15

Adele is from France,where rabbits are eaten regularly.She can tell you the most tender part of the rabbit,how long to cook one,and how big a rabbit you would need to feed five people.Marsha is from the United States,where rabbits are pets,and bring colored eggs to children in the spring.She hasn't a clue about how to cook one,even if she wanted to.This example best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the cultural determinants of schemas, as Adele's and Marsha's schemas about rabbits are shaped by their cultural backgrounds and experiences. Adele's culture views rabbits as a food source, while Marsha's culture views them as pets that bring eggs for children in the spring. This highlights how cultural factors can influence the development of schemas.

Question 16

The cocktail party effect refers to

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party effect refers to the automatic shift in attention when you hear your name, but were already engaged in a conversation, which matches option D. Options A, B, and C are not related to the cocktail party effect.

Question 17

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks that organize information and experiences. These frameworks are shaped by the cultural context in which they form. Different cultures have different values, beliefs, and customs that shape what is important and relevant to the people in that culture. Therefore, schemas will differ from culture to culture.

Question 18

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (analytic thinking style, holistic thinking style, focusing on context) are types of thinking that are influenced by culture according to the authors of the text. Automatic processes may be influenced by culture indirectly, but are not considered a distinct type of thinking style.

Question 19

Isabella goes to a fortune teller who tells her,"You are the type of person who is very outgoing and sociable,yet at times you enjoy being alone." Isabella thinks this captures her personality amazingly well,because she finds many instances in her memories of such behaviors.Isabella has just fallen prey to the

Accepted Answer

The Barnum effect is a phenomenon where individuals believe that personality descriptions apply specifically to them when in fact, the descriptions are general enough that they could apply to anyone. In this case, Isabella finds the fortune teller's description applicable to her, despite the fact that it is a common trait among many individuals.

Question 20

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

Accepted Answer

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007), participants who were primed with words related to God left more money for a stranger, indicating a stronger tendency towards altruistic behavior. This is consistent with the idea that religious beliefs and values promote prosocial behavior.

Quiz 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text showed that under some conditions,participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ____ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

Ava is at a party,deep in conversation with her friends.Suddenly,she hears her name mentioned in another conversation and her attention turns to monitor that conversation.Clearly,Ava had been unconsciously monitoring the other conversations.Such experiences demonstrate the

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found a(n) ____ difference in how participants described the differences.

When Frederic Bartlett (1932) interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction,the Scot ,whereas the Bantu herdsman .

Culture can influence our schemas by influencing

Based on the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,if you pass by several churches,then a block or so later a homeless person asks you for change,how are you likely to behave?

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they behaved ____.

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,when participants were primed with ____,they left more money for another person.

Based on information from your text about cultural differences in thinking,complete the analogy: Western: :: Eastern: .

Iain is from Australia,where people drive on the left-hand side of the road.When he moved to the United States,his accident rate was higher than any of his friends'.Why might this be?

Considering the results of the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,why is it that when people were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they left more money for the next person?

The cocktail party effect refers to

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

Quiz 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

The study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text showed that under some conditions,participants would be more likely to leave more money for a stranger.What is the larger contribution to understanding social cognition that this study makes?

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ____ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

Ava is at a party,deep in conversation with her friends.Suddenly,she hears her name mentioned in another conversation and her attention turns to monitor that conversation.Clearly,Ava had been unconsciously monitoring the other conversations.Such experiences demonstrate the

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found a(n) ____ difference in how participants described the differences.

When Frederic Bartlett (1932) interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction,the Scot ____,whereas the Bantu herdsman ____.

Culture can influence our schemas by influencing

Based on the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,if you pass by several churches,then a block or so later a homeless person asks you for change,how are you likely to behave?

In the 1932 study conducted by Bartlett,a Bantu herdsman readily recalled the details of a cattle transaction,but the Scotsman had to look up his written record of the event.According to your text,what can best explain this difference in memory ability?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,when participants were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they behaved ____.

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,when participants were primed with ____,they left more money for another person.

Based on information from your text about cultural differences in thinking,complete the analogy: Western: ____:: Eastern: ____.

Iain is from Australia,where people drive on the left-hand side of the road.When he moved to the United States,his accident rate was higher than any of his friends'.Why might this be?

Considering the results of the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,why is it that when people were primed with words related to God or fairness to others,they left more money for the next person?

The cocktail party effect refers to

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

According to the authors of your text,which of the following is not a type of thinking that is influenced by culture?

In the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007) presented in your text,what made people behave more altruistically,actually leaving more money for a stranger? They were

When Frederic Bartlett (1932) interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction,the Scot ,whereas the Bantu herdsman .

Based on information from your text about cultural differences in thinking,complete the analogy: Western: :: Eastern: .