Question 1

When we introspect about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings,the explanations we arrive at

Accepted Answer

The question asks about the reasons underlying our attitudes or feelings, which implies a conscious, rational evaluation of our own mental states. When we provide explanations for such states, we tend to rely on linguistic conventions and cognitive shortcuts that make the explanations easy to verbalize. We may not necessarily be aware of deeper or more unconscious influences on our attitudes or feelings, and therefore the explanations we arrive at may not be entirely accurate or objective. However, they may still seem reasonable because they fit within our existing beliefs and values.

Option A implies that the reasons were previously unknown or suppressed, which is not necessarily the case – we may simply not have thought about them before. Option B assumes that there is a clear, objective criterion by which reasons for attitudes or feelings can be judged, which is debatable. Option D is true in some cases, but not necessarily all – we may also arrive at self-critical or self-reflective explanations.

Question 2

Jenny is trying to decide how she feels about Garth,so she sits down and lists the reasons why she feels the way she does.By doing this,Jenny runs the risk of incurring a

Accepted Answer

By listing the reasons why she feels the way she does about Garth, Jenny is engaging in a cognitive process known as the elaboration likelihood model. This model suggests that attitudes can be formed or changed through both systematic and heuristic processing. Systematic processing involves careful consideration of the reasons and evidence associated with an attitude object, which can lead to a reasons-generated attitude change. In contrast, heuristic processing involves relying on simple rules of thumb or shortcuts to make judgments, which can lead to a feelings-generated attitude change or misattribution of arousal. Therefore, the act of listing reasons for her feelings about Garth increases the likelihood that Jenny's attitude change will be based on a thoughtful and rational analysis of the situation.

Question 3

To summarize the information about "telling more than we can know," often factors that seem like they should affect us ____ and factors that seem like they should have no impact ____.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of "telling more than we can know" suggests that factors that seem like they should have an impact on our behavior (such as personality traits or conscious beliefs) often do not actually influence us as much as we think. On the other hand, factors that seem like they should have no impact (such as subtle environmental cues) can have a significant effect on our behavior. Therefore, option B, which states that these factors do not and do have an impact respectively, is the correct choice.

Question 4

Lisa is most likely to conclude that she likes classical music when

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisa is most likely to conclude that...

Question 5

____ occur(s)when people assume that their "true" attitudes match the underlying reasons that seem plausible or that are easy to verbalize in the moment.

Accepted Answer

Reasons-generated attitude change occurs when people assume that their "true" attitudes match the underlying reasons that seem plausible or that are easy to verbalize in the moment. This can lead to changes in attitudes based on the reasons given, rather than a deep consideration of one's actual beliefs or values.

Question 6

According to research by Tim Wilson and his colleagues (1989,1992,1995),analyzing the reasons for why we feel what we do is not always the best strategy for making sense of our feelings.This is because

Accepted Answer

Reasons that are easy to verbalize may not be the actual reasons for our feelings, and focusing on those reasons may lead to inaccurate conclusions. For example, we may feel angry after receiving criticism, but the actual reason for our anger might be a deeper fear of failure or rejection. Verbalizing the superficial reason of the criticism may not accurately capture the underlying emotional experience.

Question 7

According to studies discussed in the text,one consequence of analyzing or generating reasons for their attitudes is that people will

Accepted Answer

When people analyze or generate reasons for their attitudes, they often change their attitudes to align with the reasons they have articulated. This process can lead to a modification of attitudes to ensure consistency with the reasons generated upon reflection.

Question 8

Robert sits down and writes out a list of all of the reasons he is in love with Eunice.As he is trying to make his list,he finds himself writing criticisms of their relationship as well,such as "We have very little in common." His list indicates that perhaps he should break up with Eunice,yet his heart tells him they share a special connection.According to information from the text about reasons-generated attitude change,what should Robert do?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Robert sits down and writes out a...

Question 9

While completing a personality test,Craig comes to an item that asks him if he sees himself as shy and introverted.Craig reflects on some of his recent behavior.He reasons that since he generally does not talk much in class discussions and tends to avoid large parties,he must be shy and introverted.Which of the following strategies for self-knowledge is Craig using?

Accepted Answer

Craig is using self-perception, which means he is inferring his personality traits based on his behavior and past actions. He is not necessarily trying to present a certain image of himself (self-presentation), seeking confirmation of his self-concept from others (self-verification), or actively monitoring and adjusting his behavior to fit different situations (self-monitoring).

Question 10

According to the text,self-perception theory is most closely related to which other theory in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text,self-perception theory is most...

Question 11

____ theory posits that when our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous,we infer our internal states by observing our own behaviors and the situation in which they occur.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that we infer our attitudes and feelings by observing our own behaviors and the context in which they occur. This is particularly relevant when our internal states are ambiguous or uncertain. For example, if we are not sure if we like a particular food, we may pay attention to whether we choose to eat it in different situations to help us decide how we feel about it.

Question 12

According to self-perception theory (Bem,1972),we infer the kind of person we are and what our attitudes are by

Accepted Answer

According to self-perception theory, people infer their attitudes and beliefs by observing their own behavior, just as they would observe others' behavior. A) Engaging in introspection may not necessarily lead to an accurate perception of one's attitudes and beliefs. B) Comparing behavior to internal values and standards can lead to cognitive dissonance and may not accurately reflect one's attitudes and beliefs. C) Looking to others for feedback can provide information about social norms but may not reflect one's personal attitudes and beliefs.

Question 13

When asked to explain our own behaviors,self-perception processes are ____ more likely to operate when our feelings are and when we ____.

Accepted Answer

Self-perception processes are more likely to operate when our feelings are weak or unclear, and when we think about the situation and our behavior, as we may not have a strong internal cue and thus look to our behavior and the context to understand our feelings and actions.

Question 14

A basic tenet of self-perception theory is that we infer our feelings from our behavior when

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory proposes that when the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are ambiguous, we infer them from our behavior. This happens because we do not have clear internal cues to rely on and instead look to external cues such as our behavior to understand our attitudes and feelings. When the reasons for our attitudes or feelings are clear, we do not need to rely on our behavior to infer them. The other options do not accurately describe the tenets of self-perception theory.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a causal theory for behavior/feelings?

Accepted Answer

"Mondays are bad days." implies a cause-and-effect relationship between the day of the week (Monday) and the quality of the day (bad), which aligns with the concept of a causal theory for behavior/feelings.

Question 16

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is ____ to run.

Accepted Answer

Simone is motivated by an internal desire to run because it gives her pleasure, which is intrinsic motivation.

Question 17

Considering Wilson's work on reasons-generated attitude change,in which case would you expect the greatest consistency between the person's attitude and their future behavior?

Accepted Answer

Daydreaming about feelings, as Alicia does, is less likely to involve overthinking or rationalizing, leading to more consistent attitudes and behaviors.

Question 18

Self-perception theory argues that when our attitudes or feelings aren't clear,we often infer them by observing

Accepted Answer

Self-perception theory suggests that we infer our attitudes and feelings by observing our own behavior. For example, if we see ourselves volunteering regularly at a local charity, we may infer that we have positive feelings towards helping others.

Question 19

According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which of the following audience members would report that he or she really loved the taping of The Late Show with David Letterman?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the tenets of self-perception theory,which...

Question 20

Tim has asked Robin to marry him.Robin isn't sure whether she loves him enough or whether she loves him in the right way.She talks with her sister about all the reasons why it would be wise to marry Tim,and all the reasons why it wouldn't be such a great idea.According to Wilson's theory of reasons-generated attitude change,Robin might regret it were she to base her decision on the reasons she mentioned.Why is that?

Accepted Answer

Wilson's theory of reasons-generated attitude change suggests that the reasons people generate during a decision-making process may not predict their long-term attitudes and feelings very well. Therefore, if Robin were to base her decision solely on the reasons she mentioned during her conversation with her sister, she may end up regretting her decision later on.

Quiz 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context