Question 1

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior,people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Internal justification refers to changing one's beliefs or attitudes to reduce cognitive dissonance. This is a common response to a behavior that conflicts with one's beliefs, values, or self-concept. By changing their beliefs or attitudes, individuals can reduce the psychological discomfort associated with cognitive dissonance. The other options, such as the overjustification effect, external justification, and post-decision regret, are related concepts but do not specifically refer to the process of reducing cognitive dissonance through internal justification.

Question 2

Janis has just volunteered to undergo treatment for drug addiction.After she leaves the clinic,she is ____ to stay off drugs because her recovery at the clinic was ____.

Accepted Answer

Recovery from drug addiction is often a difficult and ongoing process. While Janis may be motivated to stay off drugs after leaving the clinic, the temptation and triggers in the outside world can make it challenging. Therefore, while it is likely that Janis will want to stay off drugs, her recovery will likely be a difficult ordeal.

Question 3

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

Accepted Answer

According to the tenets of dissonance theory, when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe, we will most likely seek internal justifications. This is because we want to maintain a positive image of ourselves and reduce the dissonance between our attitudes and our behavior. Seeking out dissonance or increasing the number of dishonest deeds we do would only further increase the cognitive dissonance, making us feel even worse about ourselves. Denying what we said is also a form of reducing dissonance, but it is not as effective as seeking internal justifications, as it does not address the underlying conflict between our attitudes and behavior.

Question 4

Phil spent an hour and a half running cables and toying with connections in order to receive cable TV in his room.When he was finished,he got fifty channels,but all of them were kind of fuzzy.His roommate,Jason,arrived home when Phil was done,and they both sat down to watch TV.Which one will enjoy the cable TV the most?

Accepted Answer

Phil is likely to enjoy the cable TV more due to effort justification, a cognitive dissonance theory where people tend to value something more if they put a lot of effort into achieving it.

Question 5

If a person goes through a demanding process involving lots of effort and hard work to achieve a goal,what would cognitive dissonance suggest that person will think about the experience afterwards?

Accepted Answer

According to cognitive dissonance theory, when individuals put in significant effort towards a goal, they experience an inner tension between the effort they put in and the belief that the goal may not be worth it. In order to resolve this tension, individuals tend to increase their liking for the goal once they have achieved it, and tend to attribute positive qualities to the goal that they did not recognize before. This is known as effort justification, and suggests that the person would think that going through all of that effort was worth it. Options A, B, and D are unlikely choices as they go against the notion of effort justification and involve negative experiences associated with the effort.

Question 6

People are unlikely to change their attitudes after saying something they don't truly believe if there is ____ for the lie.

Accepted Answer

External justification refers to a situation where a person changes their attitude or behavior due to external factors such as reward or punishment. In this case, if there is external justification for the lie, such as receiving a reward, people are more likely to maintain their new attitude and continue to justify their behavior. Insufficient justification, post-decision regret, and insufficient rationalization all refer to situations where there is not enough justification for the attitude or behavior, which would not apply in this scenario.

Question 7

Assume that you were a participant in the experiment conducted by Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)in which participants were paid either a large or small sum of money to tell an innocent stranger that the boring,tedious task you had just completed was really enjoyable and very interesting.Further assume that you were paid a large amount of money to tell the stranger that lie.In this situation,you would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

The experiment conducted by Festinger and Carlsmith aims to study the cognitive dissonance theory, where people experience discomfort or dissonance when their behavior does not align with their beliefs or attitudes. In this situation, participants who were paid a large amount of money to lie about the boring task were experiencing a high external justification for their behavior. Therefore, they are less likely to change their initial belief that the task is dull and boring, as there is no internal justification for their behavior. Thus, maintaining their original assessment of the task as dull and boring is the most likely choice.

Question 8

Who is most likely to enjoy a boring and lackluster rock & roll concert performed by washed-up,fifty- something "has beens"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who is most likely to enjoy a...

Question 9

Recall that Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid ____ modified their original attitudes because they had ____ for lying.

Accepted Answer

Participants paid $1 modified their original attitudes because they had little external justification for lying, leading to cognitive dissonance and a change in attitude to reduce the dissonance.

Question 10

Jorge has just undergone a three-week initiation process to become a member of a fraternity.During the initiation,he was made to do such things as shave his head,run naked through the cafeteria,and sing obnoxious fraternity songs during classes.Jorge now considers the fraternity the best thing that's ever happened to him and is convinced that his fraternity brothers are friends for life.Jorge's attitude towards his fraternity is probably the result of

Accepted Answer

Jorge's positive attitude towards the fraternity is likely due to the justification of effort, as he underwent a difficult initiation process and now feels a strong sense of commitment and loyalty towards the group.

Question 11

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes,they are engaging in

Accepted Answer

Counterattitudinal advocacy refers to stating publicly an opinion that is at odds with one's own private attitudes. This is often done for various reasons, such as seeking social approval or to comply with social norms. It can lead to cognitive dissonance and the need to reduce this discomfort by either changing one's private attitudes or seeking external justifications.

Question 12

When our behaviors are inconsistent with our values or beliefs,we are not likely to experience cognitive dissonance if

Accepted Answer

When we can rationalize our inconsistent behavior with external justifications (such as social pressure or the need to complete a task), we are less likely to experience cognitive dissonance because we have a justification for our actions. This reduces the discomfort that arises from holding two conflicting beliefs or values.

Question 13

Which of the following social psychology concepts is most closely related to the idea,"Saying is believing"?

Accepted Answer

Counterattitudinal advocacy is the idea that when a person advocates for a belief or attitude that is different from their own, they may come to believe in that belief or attitude as a result of saying it out loud. This phenomenon is known as "saying is believing" and is closely related to counterattitudinal advocacy.

Question 14

____ is to dissonance-induced attitude change as ____ is to no attitude change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is to dissonance-induced attitude change as...

Question 15

Suppose that both Oscar and Sam went through hazing rituals for the same fraternity.Oscar went through a very long and involved hazing process while Sam went through relatively mild rituals.After they both got into the fraternity,they realized that there were a lot of negative things associated with membership that they hadn't expected.According to cognitive dissonance,which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that individuals who undergo a great deal of effort or discomfort to achieve something are likely to value it more highly, in order to justify the effort they put into obtaining it. Thus, Oscar, who went through a longer and more involved hazing process, would be more likely to love the fraternity more than Sam, who experienced milder rituals.

Question 16

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions,which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory)statement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two weeks after making a public statement...

Question 17

Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Festinger and Carlsmith's study showed that when participants were given minimal external justification ($1) for saying that a boring task was fun, they experienced dissonance between their behavior and their beliefs, which led to attitude change. This supports the theory that minimal external justification can lead to attitude change.

Question 18

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

Terri is using internal justification to reduce dissonance by changing her attitude to align with her behavior, which is a key aspect of cognitive dissonance theory.

Question 19

Your friend Jamie shows you the gift she bought for her mother's birthday.It's an atrociously ugly fake marble statue of an angel,with the saccharine words "My Mother's an Angel" sloppily lettered on the bottom.Jamie asks you what you think,and because her feelings are easily hurt,to spare her,you say,"It's wonderful! Maybe I'll get one for my mom!" In this case,you ____ experience dissonance because there is ____ justification for your action.

Accepted Answer

You will not experience dissonance because there is sufficient external justification for your action, which is to spare Jamie's feelings.

Question 20

As you and your friends returned and met up for the first time since high school,you find that you've all taken different paths in life.Based on cognitive dissonance and the principles of justification of effort,who would be the least satisfied with what he or she is currently doing?

Accepted Answer

According to the principle of justification of effort, people tend to place higher value on something that requires a lot of effort or sacrifice. Since Fiona's parents are paying for her college education, she may not feel like she has put in enough effort or sacrifice to truly value her education and may be the least satisfied with what she is currently doing.

Quiz 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior,people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance.This is known as

Janis has just volunteered to undergo treatment for drug addiction.After she leaves the clinic,she is to stay off drugs because her recovery at the clinic was .

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

If a person goes through a demanding process involving lots of effort and hard work to achieve a goal,what would cognitive dissonance suggest that person will think about the experience afterwards?

People are unlikely to change their attitudes after saying something they don't truly believe if there is ____ for the lie.

Who is most likely to enjoy a boring and lackluster rock & roll concert performed by washed-up,fifty- something "has beens"?

Recall that Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid modified their original attitudes because they had for lying.

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes,they are engaging in

When our behaviors are inconsistent with our values or beliefs,we are not likely to experience cognitive dissonance if

Which of the following social psychology concepts is most closely related to the idea,"Saying is believing"?

is to dissonance-induced attitude change as is to no attitude change.

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions,which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory) statement?

Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

As you and your friends returned and met up for the first time since high school,you find that you've all taken different paths in life.Based on cognitive dissonance and the principles of justification of effort,who would be the least satisfied with what he or she is currently doing?

Quiz 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

In the aftermath of a dissonant behavior,people often change something about themselves as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance.This is known as

Janis has just volunteered to undergo treatment for drug addiction.After she leaves the clinic,she is ____ to stay off drugs because her recovery at the clinic was ____.

According to the tenets of dissonance theory,when we cannot find sufficient external justification for acts such as saying something we don't truly believe,we will most likely

If a person goes through a demanding process involving lots of effort and hard work to achieve a goal,what would cognitive dissonance suggest that person will think about the experience afterwards?

People are unlikely to change their attitudes after saying something they don't truly believe if there is ____ for the lie.

Who is most likely to enjoy a boring and lackluster rock & roll concert performed by washed-up,fifty- something "has beens"?

Recall that Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid ____ modified their original attitudes because they had ____ for lying.

When people state publicly an opinion that is at odds with their own private attitudes,they are engaging in

When our behaviors are inconsistent with our values or beliefs,we are not likely to experience cognitive dissonance if

Which of the following social psychology concepts is most closely related to the idea,"Saying is believing"?

____ is to dissonance-induced attitude change as ____ is to no attitude change.

Two weeks after making a public statement at odds with his previous positions,which politician is most likely to report to his close friends that he sticks by his most recent (contradictory) statement?

Recall that Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell another person that a boring,tedious task was really fun and interesting.The results of their experiment demonstrated that

Which of the following people is using an internal justification to reduce dissonance?

As you and your friends returned and met up for the first time since high school,you find that you've all taken different paths in life.Based on cognitive dissonance and the principles of justification of effort,who would be the least satisfied with what he or she is currently doing?

Janis has just volunteered to undergo treatment for drug addiction.After she leaves the clinic,she is to stay off drugs because her recovery at the clinic was .

Recall that Leon Festinger and J.Merrill Carlsmith (1959) paid participants either $1 or $20 to tell someone else that a tedious,boring task was really interesting.Participants paid modified their original attitudes because they had for lying.

is to dissonance-induced attitude change as is to no attitude change.