Question 1

Which is NOT one of the ways in which socially competent and incompetent children differ from one another according to the social-information processing model?

Accepted Answer

The social-information processing model focuses on cognitive differences between socially competent and incompetent children, such as their attributions for behavior, skill at enacting appropriate behavior, and ability to generate competent responses. Personality characteristics such as extraversion are not specifically addressed by this model.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of popular children?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while many popular children are perceived as friendly and assertive, some may also exhibit traits of arrogance and relationally aggressive behavior. It is important to note that there is no one set personality type for popular children and their popularity can stem from various factors such as athletic ability, academic success, and social skills.

Question 3

Candy is a new girl in Mrs. Gregg's second grade class. If given a choice to play with either Mary and Delores or Calvin and Richard, Candy will more than likely choose

Accepted Answer

Since Candy is a new girl in the class, she might feel more comfortable playing with girls. Mary and Delores are two girls in the class, so Candy would more likely choose to play with them.

Question 4

Which is considered the most significant factor that influences a child's peer acceptance?

Accepted Answer

According to research, social and cognitive skills are considered the most significant factor that influences a child's peer acceptance. Children who are able to effectively initiate and maintain positive interactions with their peers, display appropriate behavior, and show empathy are generally more accepted among their peers. Attractiveness, verbal ability, and athletic ability may also play a role, but social and cognitive skills have been found to have the greatest impact on peer acceptance.

Question 5

Which is the LEAST likely to be an effective strategy in initiating social interaction?

Accepted Answer

Standing on the edge of a group is the least likely to be an effective strategy as it could make the person appear aloof or disinterested in social interaction. It is better to approach the group and engage in conversation by offering information, asking for information, or inviting someone to join an activity.

Question 6

found that children whose primary friendships are with children of the opposite gender

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that children who primarily befriend members of the opposite gender tend to be less popular than their peers who mainly have same-gender friends. This is possibly due to social norms and peer expectations during childhood that favor same-gender friendships.

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics is attributed to unattractive children?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that unattractive children are more likely to be perceived as mean or aggressive by their peers, compared to their attractive counterparts. This may be due to societal biases and stereotypes about physical appearance influencing how children are viewed and treated by others.

Question 8

Timothy is not often noticed by most of his classmates. He has a couple of friends, but received few "like" or "dislike" votes from his classmates' sociometric ratings. Which sociometric status is Timothy likely to be categorized as?

Accepted Answer

Timothy is likely categorized as a neglected student, as he received few "like" or "dislike" votes from his classmates' sociometric ratings, indicating that he is neither well-liked nor disliked but rather ignored or overlooked by his peers.

Question 9

At what point in development do boys and girls prefer to be in groups with both genders as opposed to single-gender groups?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, boys and girls begin to show a preference for mixed-gender groups as they become more interested in socializing with the opposite gender and forming more complex social relationships.

Question 10

Dodge and colleagues believe that individual biological predispositions

Accepted Answer

Dodge and colleagues believe that while social experiences and environmental factors play a significant role in shaping social-information processing skills, individual biological predispositions can also account for some variations between children in social-information processing. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 11

Children are typically rejected by their peers for a variety of reasons, but researchers have distinguished two types of rejected children: __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

Research has identified two types of rejected children - aggressive and nonaggressive. Aggressive children are rejected because of their behavior, such as bullying or hitting other children, while nonaggressive children are rejected because of their withdrawn or shy nature, which makes it difficult for them to make friends.

Question 12

Which children would be more likely to be persistent and successful in forming new friendships?

Accepted Answer

Children who have a learning goal tend to be more resilient and persistent in achieving their goals, including forming new friendships. They are motivated to learn from their experiences and mistakes and are more open to seeking feedback and adapting their behaviors. This mindset can lead to more successful social interactions and the development of positive relationships. Children with few goals or no goal may lack the motivation or direction to form new friendships, while children who make hostile attributions may struggle to build positive relationships due to their negative and defensive attitude.

Question 13

Madeline has been playing checkers with her friends Kelly and Mandy. After noticing looks of boredom on their faces, she decides that she would like to initiate a game change with her friends. Madeline's decision to initiate a game change would be an example of which step of the social-information processing model?

Accepted Answer

Madeline is considering a change in the game, which is a goal-focused behavior. This fits with the second step of the social-information processing model, which involves clarifying goals. The other answer choices are not appropriate because they do not accurately reflect Madeline's behavior in this scenario.

Question 14

Compared to unattractive people, attractive people

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that attractive people are often treated more positively, receiving benefits such as higher salaries, more job opportunities, and better treatment in social situations. However, there is no evidence to support the idea that they display greater intelligence or are more emotionally well-adjusted. Therefore, the best choice is D: all of these, as it includes the true statement of attractive people being treated more positively, while not including false statements about their intelligence or emotional well-being.

Question 15

According to researchers' classification system of peer social status, which of the following would best describe a boy who is seen as aggressive, as having poor self control, and as very active by his peers?

Accepted Answer

The characteristics described in the question are commonly associated with the rejected status in the peer social status classification system. Children who are seen as aggressive, lacking self-control, and overly active tend to be less well-liked by their peers and may struggle to form positive social relationships. Therefore, the boy in the question is most likely to be classified as rejected by his peers.

Question 16

Children who develop negative goals and strategies for social interactions have been found to say that their problems with peers are the result of

Accepted Answer

Children who develop negative goals and strategies for social interactions tend to attribute their difficulties to a permanent lack of ability rather than a temporary misunderstanding or lack of effort. They may feel that they are inherently unable to make friends or interact positively with others, leading to further social isolation and negative experiences. Jealousy on the part of other children may be a factor in some cases, but it is not a common explanation for ongoing difficulties with social interactions.

Question 17

What kinds of attributions are socially incompetent children likely to make in ambiguous situations?

Accepted Answer

Socially incompetent children are likely to make hostile attributions in ambiguous situations, meaning they perceive others as intentionally trying to harm them or being unfriendly towards them. This can lead to aggression and conflict in social interactions.

Question 18

Ryan and Mallory are both in the second grade. At school they talk to each other and sometimes at recess they will play together as long as there is a group of boys of which Ryan is a part and a group of girls to which Mallory belongs. However, it is not unusual for them to spend Saturday afternoons at each other's homes. How would you describe their relationship?

Accepted Answer

Ryan and Mallory's behavior is typical for their age. It is common for children in second grade to form friendships based on gender and play in same-gender groups during recess. Additionally, spending time with friends outside of school, such as on weekends, is also common at this age. There is no indication in the scenario that their behavior is pathological or strange, nor is there any evidence to suggest that it is an indicator for future problems.

Question 19

have found that social status is related to

Accepted Answer

The answer of have found that social status is related...

Question 20

Researchers who study social-information processing have found that early peer rejection

Accepted Answer

Peer rejection in early childhood is associated with increasing social skills deficits over time, as negative peer interactions can hinder the development of healthy social skills.

Quiz 12: Expanding the Social World: Peers and Friends