Question 1

Advocates of arming for self-protection believe self-reliance is necessary to supplement the basic protections provided by the police.

Accepted Answer

Advocates of arming for self-protection believe that relying solely on the police for protection is not enough and that individuals should take their own safety into their own hands by owning firearms.

Question 2

_____ embraces themes important to the victims' rights movement, especially empowerment, notification, direct involvement, offender accountability, and receiving restitution.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is a form of justice that focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as well as the community, rather than punishing the offender. It aims to provide empowerment, notification, direct involvement, offender accountability, and receiving restitution to the victims, which are themes important to the victims' rights movement. Therefore, C is the correct choice. A, B, and D are not relevant to these themes.

Question 3

The highest level of household gun ownership was registered in 1977 at 54%.

Accepted Answer

The General Social Survey reported that household gun ownership in the United States peaked at 54% in 1977.

Question 4

The concept of _____ involves taking troublemakers out of circulation to protect the public.

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation involves removing individuals who pose a threat to society from the community. This can be achieved through imprisonment, house arrest, or other means of isolation. Restoration, restitution, and arbitration all focus on repairing harm and restoring relationships, rather than protecting the public by removing dangerous individuals.

Question 5

In restorative justice, the offender must accept blame and suffer consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In restorative justice, the offender must accept...

Question 6

During 2011, less than 100 people perished from accidental discharges of firearms.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were 851 deaths due to unintentional firearm injuries in 2011.

Question 7

The lowest level of household gun ownership was registered in 2013 at 43%.

Accepted Answer

The given statement mentions that the lowest level of household gun ownership was registered in 2013 at 43%.

Question 8

According to the rationale of necessity, using force against an attacker is permissible because any injuries the aggressor suffers are deserved

Accepted Answer

The rationale of necessity states that using force against an attacker is permissible because it is necessary to protect oneself from harm, not because any injuries the aggressor suffers are deserved.

Question 9

Restorative justice seeks recovery of the victim and rehabilitation of the offender.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice emphasizes repairing the harm caused by a crime and prioritizes the needs of the victim, while also providing opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegrations for the offender.

Question 10

Retributive justice is oriented towards prevention via fear of consequences.

Accepted Answer

Retributive justice aims to prevent future wrongdoing by instilling fear of consequences in potential offenders. The idea is that if individuals know they will face severe punishment for committing a crime, they will be less likely to engage in that behavior.

Question 11

_____ is a means of conflict resolution that begins with the wrongdoer undergoing reintegrative shaming by describing the criminal incident to an assemblage of relatives, friends, and neighbors.

Accepted Answer

Family group conferencing involves bringing together the offender, victim, and their respective support networks, including family, friends, and community members. The process begins with the offender undergoing reintegrative shaming, where they must describe their actions and take responsibility for their behavior in front of the group. This can lead to a greater sense of accountability and support from the community, hopefully leading to a more positive outcome for all involved. Victim allocution involves the victim speaking in front of the court during the sentencing phase of a trial, while the peacemaking circle and community justice center involve a group of individuals coming together to discuss issues and conflicts, but do not necessarily involve the offender admitting to their actions.

Question 12

Gun ownership is generally higher among women than men and people over 50.

Accepted Answer

Gun ownership is generally higher among men than women and people over 50.

Question 13

Though perpetrators of domestic violence are generally supposed to lose their right to own firearms, many offenders remain a threat because their guns frequently are not confiscated by law enforcement agencies.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Many law enforcement agencies do not have the resources or legal authority to confiscate firearms from domestic violence offenders, leaving them with access to potentially lethal weapons.

Question 14

Restorative justice uses mediation, negotiation, frank discussion, consensus, and restitution.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is a process that involves mediation and negotiation between the victim, offender and community to reach a consensus that addresses the harm caused by the crime. Restitution is also a common component of restorative justice where the offender is required to make amends for their actions, often by compensating the victim in some way.

Question 15

Retributive justice resulted from an injury-centered, victim-focused, and reparations-oriented approach.

Accepted Answer

Retributive justice is punishment-focused rather than reparations-oriented. It seeks to punish offenders for their wrongdoing, rather than making things right for the victim.

Question 16

Informal restorative justice refers to an approach in which harmed parties can be central figures who play hands-on roles and take charge of the way their cases are resolved.

Accepted Answer

Informal restorative justice emphasizes the active involvement of harmed parties in the resolution of their cases, giving them more control and decision-making power. It is often contrasted with formal restorative justice, which involves a more structured and institutionalized process.

Question 17

In general, the right to_____ is the permissible use of appropriate force to protect one's life from an adversary whom one reasonably believes is threatening harm.

Accepted Answer

The right to self-defense is the permissible use of appropriate force to protect one's life from an adversary whom one reasonably believes is threatening harm. This right is recognized across many legal systems and is grounded in the natural right to life and personal autonomy. Other options like B) a concealed weapon, C) free speech, or D) proactive defense, do not accurately describe the right of self-defense.

Question 18

Mediation is a type of _____.

Accepted Answer

Mediation is a type of alternative dispute resolution, where a neutral third party aids in the negotiation and resolution of a conflict between two or more parties. It is a non-adversarial approach to conflict resolution.

Question 19

The restorative justice approach known as peacemaking circles is derived from Native American culture.

Accepted Answer

Peacemaking circles were developed by Native American tribes as a way to resolve conflicts and restore relationships within communities. This approach has since been adapted and utilized in restorative justice settings in various parts of the world.

Question 20

The goal of retributive justice is conviction and punishment.

Accepted Answer

Retributive justice operates under the belief that punishment is necessary to restore balance when a crime has been committed. The goal is to convict and punish the offender as a form of retribution for their actions.

Quiz 13: Victims in the Twenty-First Century: Alternative Directions