Question 1

Punishment and obedience are to the conventional level as legal principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment and obedience are to the conventional...

Question 2

A meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning found there are only slight differences in male and female responses to moral dilemmas. Both males and females use a mix of justice and care perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found that there are only slight differences in male and female responses to moral dilemmas, and that both genders use a mix of justice and care perspectives.

Question 3

Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person conforms to conventional standards of society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the...

Question 4

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Accepted Answer

The conventional level is actually characterized by a focus on societal norms and expectations, with an emphasis on approval from others and maintaining social order. Kohlberg's post-conventional level is where self-chosen ethical principles come into play.

Question 5

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory is characterized by the idea that "right" is being a "good" person and that conforming to social expectations and following rules set by others will win their approval.

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory is characterized by the idea that individuals develop their own set of ethical principles and values beyond those set by society, and they are not motivated by seeking social approval or recognition.

Question 6

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level is actually characterized by moral reasoning guided by individual principles and conscience, rather than conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Question 7

Law and order are to the conventional level as universal moral principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

In Kohlberg's theory, conventional level is characterized by adherence to social norms and laws, while postconventional level involves adherence to universal moral principles even if they conflict with laws or social norms. Therefore, law and order are associated with conventional level and universal moral principles are associated with postconventional level.

Question 8

According to Carol Gilligan's model of moral development, women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.

Accepted Answer

This is the essence of Carol Gilligan's theory of gender differences in moral development. Women tend to prioritize relationships and the well-being of others, while men may prioritize abstract principles and rules.

Question 9

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the preconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory of moral development identifies three levels, with two stages each: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. The preconventional level is the first and most basic level, where moral reasoning is based on self-interest and avoiding punishment. The next level, conventional, is focused on conformity to social norms and laws. Finally, the postconventional level involves reasoning based on abstract ethical principles and values.

Question 10

Law and order are to the conventional level as universal moral principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Kohlberg's theory of moral development consists of three levels: conventional, postconventional, and preconventional. Law and order are the primary moral principles at the conventional level, while universal moral principles such as justice and human rights become more important at the postconventional level.

Question 11

Lila likes helping her teacher with classroom chores, and enjoys the praise she gets for being a good student and for following the rules. Kohlberg would say that Lila is operating at the conventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by a desire to please authority figures, follow rules, and be seen as a good person by others. Lila's behavior of helping her teacher with classroom chores and seeking praise for being a good student aligns with this level of moral reasoning.

Question 12

Important limitations of Kohlberg's theory are that moral reasoning doesn't always predict moral behavior, and people don't necessarily respond to real-life dilemmas in the way that they respond to hypothetical dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

While Kohlberg's theory of moral development has been influential, research has shown that moral reasoning doesn't always translate into moral behavior, and people may respond differently to real-life situations compared to hypothetical moral dilemmas presented in research studies.

Question 13

A meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning found that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

While some studies have found slight differences in the way that men and women approach moral reasoning, the overall consensus is that there is more variation within each gender than between genders. Therefore, the statement that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning is not accurate.

Question 14

When his mother asks him to tidy up his room and put his toys away, eight-year-old Jack does so because he knows that she will stop nagging. Kohlberg would say that Jack is operating at the preconventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Jack's motivation for tidying up his room is based on avoiding punishment from his mother, which is characteristic of the preconventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory.

Question 15

Placido always drives at the posted speed limit because the speeding laws were established by the authorities and should be obeyed. In terms of Kohlberg's theory, Placido is at the postconventional level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Placido is at the conventional level of moral reasoning, as he follows rules and laws because they are established by authorities and should be obeyed, which aligns with maintaining social order.

Question 16

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning that is guided by internalized legal and moral principles concerned with the protection of the rights of all members of society.

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is indeed characterized by moral reasoning that is guided by internalized legal and moral principles concerned with the protection of the rights of all members of society.

Question 17

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg and his colleagues did indeed drop stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning due to the lack of evidence of participants displaying this stage and the rarity of clear expressions of universal moral principles.

Question 18

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory is not characterized by the idea that "right" is being a "good" person and that conforming to social expectations and following rules set by others will win their approval.

Accepted Answer

At the postconventional level, moral reasoning is characterized by an individual's own internal principles and values, with an emphasis on universal ethical principles, rather than social expectations or rules set by others.

Question 19

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that it reflects a male perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in women.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's theory was biased towards a masculine perspective and did not adequately consider the different ways in which women approach moral decision-making. She proposed an alternative theory of moral development for women that emphasized the importance of relationships and caring for others.

Question 20

Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development stresses the importance of the ethic of care and responsibility in women.

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development focuses on the differences between the moral development of men and women. She argues that women prioritize an ethic of caring and responsibility over abstract principles, which is different from the emphasis on justice and control that is often seen in traditional moral development theories. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 9: Lifespan Development

Punishment and obedience are to the conventional level as legal principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

A meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning found there are only slight differences in male and female responses to moral dilemmas. Both males and females use a mix of justice and care perspectives.

Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person conforms to conventional standards of society.

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the conventional level is characterized by self-chosen ethical principles that reflect the person's respect for ideals such as nonviolence, equality, and democratically determined laws.

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory is characterized by the idea that "right" is being a "good" person and that conforming to social expectations and following rules set by others will win their approval.

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Law and order are to the conventional level as universal moral principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

According to Carol Gilligan's model of moral development, women, more than men, tend to stress the importance of maintaining interpersonal relationships and responding to the needs of others.

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the preconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning based on self-interest and on avoiding punishment and maximizing personal gain.

Law and order are to the conventional level as universal moral principles are to the postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Lila likes helping her teacher with classroom chores, and enjoys the praise she gets for being a good student and for following the rules. Kohlberg would say that Lila is operating at the conventional level of moral reasoning.

Important limitations of Kohlberg's theory are that moral reasoning doesn't always predict moral behavior, and people don't necessarily respond to real-life dilemmas in the way that they respond to hypothetical dilemmas.

A meta-analysis of studies on gender differences in moral reasoning found that men and women have entirely different approaches to moral reasoning.

When his mother asks him to tidy up his room and put his toys away, eight-year-old Jack does so because he knows that she will stop nagging. Kohlberg would say that Jack is operating at the preconventional level of moral reasoning.

Placido always drives at the posted speed limit because the speeding laws were established by the authorities and should be obeyed. In terms of Kohlberg's theory, Placido is at the postconventional level of moral reasoning.

The postconventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is characterized by moral reasoning that is guided by internalized legal and moral principles concerned with the protection of the rights of all members of society.

Kohlberg and his colleagues eventually dropped stage 6 from his theory of moral reasoning because longitudinal research showed that none of the participants showed stage 6 moral reasoning and that clear-cut expressions of "universal moral principles" are very rare.

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory is not characterized by the idea that "right" is being a "good" person and that conforming to social expectations and following rules set by others will win their approval.

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that it reflects a male perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in women.

Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development stresses the importance of the ethic of care and responsibility in women.