Question 1

The participants assigned to the control group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were led to believe that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

Accepted Answer

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the control group was not given any specific information about the health benefits or detriments of their work, unlike the experimental group, which was informed that their work was good exercise.

Question 2

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was that elderly people who were led to believe that their health was "poor" would have more health problems than those who perceived their health as "excellent."

Accepted Answer

The Crum and Langer hotel experiment hypothesized that informing hotel maids that their work was good exercise would lead to health improvements, not about elderly people's health perceptions.

Question 3

Participants in the control group receive none of the experimental conditions except the independent variable or treatment variable.

Accepted Answer

The control group does not receive the independent variable or treatment; it is used as a baseline to compare the effects of the treatment in the experimental group.

Question 4

Any change that can be directly attributed to the independent variable after controlling for other possible outcomes is called the main effect.

Accepted Answer

The definition correctly describes the main effect as a change that can be directly attributed to the independent variable after controlling for other possible outcomes.

Question 5

The participants assigned to the control group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Accepted Answer

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the control group was not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise, while the experimental group was given this information.

Question 6

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the participants were 84 female housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as per the description of the experiment.

Question 7

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was informing the housekeepers that their work was good exercise and met the criteria for a healthy lifestyle, not that it was unhealthy.

Question 8

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.

Accepted Answer

The participants in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were selected from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.

Question 9

The participants in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were not individually assigned to the experimental or control group but instead each hotel was randomly assigned to one of the two conditions.

Accepted Answer

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the hotels were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, rather than individuals within the hotels being assigned to groups.

Question 10

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Accepted Answer

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

Question 11

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "excellent."

Accepted Answer

The Crum and Langer hotel experiment involved hotel maids, not elderly people, and focused on how their perception of their work as exercise affected their health.

Question 12

If an experiment is conducted properly, a control group is unnecessary.

Accepted Answer

A control group is necessary in an experiment to provide a baseline for comparison and ensure that any observed effects are actually a result of the independent variable being tested. Without a control group, there is no way to determine if any changes seen in the experimental group are due to the intervention or just normal variation.

Question 13

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, one half the participants was given the health supplement ginkgo biloba and the other half was given a placebo.

Accepted Answer

The Crum and Langer hotel experiment involved informing one group of hotel attendants that their work was good exercise, while the other group was not informed. It did not involve ginkgo biloba or a placebo.

Question 14

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the participants were randomly assigned on an individual basis to either the high exercise group or the low exercise group.

Accepted Answer

The participants in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were not randomly assigned on an individual basis; they were assigned based on their existing work roles as hotel room attendants.

Question 15

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, all participants were debriefed and were told about the actual hypothesis, and the purpose of the experiment was explained to them.

Accepted Answer

This is stated in the article: "After participation, all participants were debriefed and told about the true nature of the study."

Question 16

The control group (or control condition) is the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent variable or treatment variable, and against which changes in the experimental group are compared.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the purpose and function of a control group in an experimental study. By isolating the effects of the independent variable, researchers can compare the outcomes of the experimental group to those of the control group and determine whether the treatment had a significant impact.

Question 17

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, responses to questionnaires about exercise and diet and measures of physical health constituted the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was the responses to questionnaires about exercise and diet and measures of physical health.

Question 18

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was that changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was indeed that changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

Question 19

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was good exercise.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was the statement given to the hotel guests about the benefits of housekeeping work. Specifically, one group of guests was informed that housekeeping work was good exercise while the other group received no such information. Therefore, being informed about housekeeping work being good exercise is the independent variable in the experiment.

Question 20

In the hotel experiment by Crum and Langer, half the participants were led to believe they were in "poor" physical and mental condition and the other half were led to believe they were in "excellent" physical and mental condition.

Accepted Answer

The hotel experiment by Crum and Langer involved informing one group of hotel maids that their work was good exercise and met the requirements for a healthy lifestyle, while the control group received no such information. It was not about their overall physical and mental condition.

Quiz 1: Introduction and Research Methods

The participants assigned to the control group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were led to believe that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was that elderly people who were led to believe that their health was "poor" would have more health problems than those who perceived their health as "excellent."

Participants in the control group receive none of the experimental conditions except the independent variable or treatment variable.

Any change that can be directly attributed to the independent variable after controlling for other possible outcomes is called the main effect.

The participants assigned to the control group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were not informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the participants were 84 female housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected from the housekeeping staff at seven carefully matched hotels.

The participants in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment were not individually assigned to the experimental or control group but instead each hotel was randomly assigned to one of the two conditions.

The participants assigned to the experimental group or condition in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment were informed that their housekeeping work was beneficial exercise.

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, the participants were selected because they were elderly people who believed that their health was "excellent."

If an experiment is conducted properly, a control group is unnecessary.

In the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, one half the participants was given the health supplement ginkgo biloba and the other half was given a placebo.

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, the participants were randomly assigned on an individual basis to either the high exercise group or the low exercise group.

At the conclusion of the Crum and Langer hotel experiment, all participants were debriefed and were told about the actual hypothesis, and the purpose of the experiment was explained to them.

The control group (or control condition) is the group of participants who are exposed to all experimental conditions, except the independent variable or treatment variable, and against which changes in the experimental group are compared.

In Crum and Langer's hotel experiment, responses to questionnaires about exercise and diet and measures of physical health constituted the dependent variable.

The hypothesis in the Crum and Langer hotel experiment was that changing a person's beliefs and perceptions about the exercise benefits of a particular activity would result in actual health benefits.

The independent variable in Crum and Langer's hotel experiment was being informed that housekeeping work was good exercise.

In the hotel experiment by Crum and Langer, half the participants were led to believe they were in "poor" physical and mental condition and the other half were led to believe they were in "excellent" physical and mental condition.