Question 1

A health care worker is exposed to blood from a patient who has HIV.What action should the worker take after the exposure?

Accepted Answer

After exposure to HIV,the site should be immediately washed with soap and water and then seek immediate medical care for assessment and treatment.A.B.D.Alcohol should not be applied to the site.Flushing the site with hot running water is not sufficient.Soap is needed.A topical antibiotic should not be applied to the site.

Question 2

While collecting admission data,the nurse suspects a patient with AIDS is experiencing an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.What observations did the nurse make to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of an HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder include memory impairment,personality changes,hallucinations,and leg weakness.Inappropriate laughter could indicate personality changes.Inability to state the home address could indicate memory impairment.Knee buckling while walking could indicate leg weakness.Asking for the bugs to be removed from the walls could indicate hallucinations.A.Audible bowel sounds are not a manifestation of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder.

Question 3

The nurse notes that a patient with AIDS is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).For which opportunistic infection should the nurse realize that is this medication indicated?

Accepted Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)is indicated for the treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.A.Pyrazinamide,isoniazid (Laniazid,and ethambutol (Myambutol)are indicated in the treatment of tuberculosis.B.Ganciclovir (Cytovene)is indicated in the treatment of Cytomegalovirus retinitis.C.Azithromycin,clarithromycin,ethambutol are indicated in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex.

Question 4

An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says,"I always get my pets from a known sanitary source." What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection?

Accepted Answer

Counsel on pet contact risks but recognize the emotional benefits of pets.Pets should have up-to-date immunizations,and patients should avoid pet feces.If the patient must clean the litter box,wear mask and gloves,and wash hands well afterwards.A.B.C.Keeping the cats outdoors,having cats less than 1 year old,or preventing all contact with cats would be extreme.The patient can reduce the risk of infection by avoiding pet feces and ensuring for the cats' health.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS.For which opportunistic lung infection caused by a fungus should the nurse monitor in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a common opportunistic lung infection in AIDS.It is caused by a fungus.A.Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterial infection.B.Cytomegalovirus is a viral infection.C.Candida albicans is fungal infection that effects that gastrointestinal tract.

Question 6

The nurse has been discussing actions to prevent AIDS-related wasting syndrome with a patient being treated for AIDS.Which patient statements indicate an understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

To prevent AIDS-related wasting syndrome the patient should eat a low-residue diet to control diarrhea,numb painful oral sores with ice or popsicles so eating is not painful,and eat three high-calorie,high-protein meals a day,plus snacks,to maintain weight.B.C.F.Drinking before meals may fill patients up so they do not want to eat.Food odors may cause anorexia.Caffeine and alcohol should be avoided to help prevent diarrhea.

Question 7

The nurse is preparing to provide education related to HIV transmission at a local community health fair.Which statements should the nurse recommend for inclusion in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Condoms should be new for each sexual act,not past their expiration date,and applied before partner is touched.A.Only water-soluble lubricants should be used.C.Condoms should be made of latex (or polyurethane if allergic to latex),because other materials have large pores that allow HIV to pass.D.Room should be allowed at the tip for semen collection.

Question 8

A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico.What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

To prevent the development of opportunistic infections when traveling,the patient should be instructed to use beach towels and avoid soil and/or contact with sand by wearing shoes.Raw fruits and vegetables should also be avoided.The patient should also be instructed to carry a supply of antimicrobial agent to take for diarrhea.D.Bathroom supplies do not need to be cleaned with bleach.

Question 9

The nurse is preparing to read the Mantoux tuberculin skin test placed on the forearm of a patient with HIV.Which finding should the nurse report as a positive test for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST)with tuberculin purified protein derivative should be performed at least yearly in patients with HIV infection.Induration of 5 mm or more is defined as a positive result in patients with HIV infection.A.B.C.D.Induration of less than 5 mm is not a positive test.

Question 10

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the rising incidence of HIV in adults over the age of 50 with a group of senior community members.Which factors should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Numbers will continue to rise as the older population increases.At-risk people older than age 50 are less likely than younger at-risk adults to use condoms during sex or to be tested for HIV.The availability of treatments for erectile dysfunction has also contributed to the number of older adults who are sexually active.A decline in the older adult's immune system increases the risk for infection with exposure to HIV.E.Increased vaginal dryness and friability further increase an older woman's susceptibility to HIV infection.

Question 11

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan.What information should the nurse include that identifies the methods in which HIV can be transmitted? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

HIV is a fragile virus that is transmitted from human to human only through infected blood,semen,vaginal secretions,or breast milk.A.B.C.The HIV virus is not transmitted through urine,sweat,or saliva.

Question 12

The nurse is contributing to a nutrition and hydration teaching plan for a patient who has AIDS.What recommendations should the nurse include in this plan? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The patient should be instructed to avoid foods that may harbor bacteria: soft cheeses,raw/undercooked eggs and foods with raw eggs,such as Caesar dressing,undercooked meat,and leftovers.Public drinking fountains should be avoided because they may harbor germs.D.Beer and soft drinks are safe,so they do not need to be avoided.

Question 13

A patient with AIDS is prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor lamivudine (Epivir).What information should the nurse ensure that the patient receives about this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

When taking this medication,the patient should monitor and report any skin yellowing which could indicate jaundice or liver failure,changes in urine output which could indicate kidney failure,flu-like symptoms which would be life-threatening when taking this medication,and numbness or tingling of the hands or feet which could indicate the onset of peripheral neuropathy.A.Bleeding is not an adverse reaction to this medication.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for the newborn of a mother who is HIV positive.What treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for the infant?

Accepted Answer

The infant of a mother with HIV is given zidovudine (AZT)for 6 weeks.A.B.C.These medications are not used as prophylaxis after exposure to HIV through vaginal delivery.

Question 15

A patient who has AIDS has been instructed on foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection.Which foods should the patient select that indicates correct understanding of this teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Pasteurized milk and well-cooked meat indicates understanding.To reduce risk of infection,avoid unpasteurized milk,other dairy products,fruit juice,and raw seed sprouts.Avoid raw and undercooked eggs,meats,and seafood.

Quiz 20: Nursing Care of Patients With HIV Disease and AIDS