Question 1

Caroline loves to read and enjoys looking up the meanings of words she does not know.In school,her teacher promises a gold star to students each time they learn a new word.The teacher's behavior is most likely to undermine
A) extrinsic motivation.
B) intrinsic motivation.
C) grit.
D) self-disclosure.

Accepted Answer

The teacher's promise of a gold star is an example of extrinsic motivation, which may actually undermine Caroline's intrinsic motivation to learn and read for the sake of enjoyment and personal growth. The focus shifts from the love of reading to the reward, which can diminish Caroline's interest in reading.

Question 2

________ is a major source of energy in your body.
A) Glucose
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Ghrelin

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a primary source of energy for your body's cells. It is derived from carbohydrates in your diet and is utilized by your muscles, brain and other organs for energy production. Leptin, insulin and ghrelin are hormones that regulate appetite, metabolism and energy balance but are not sources of energy themselves.

Question 3

Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that
A) stomach contractions are unrelated to feelings of hunger.
B) hunger continues in humans whose cancerous stomachs have been removed.
C) rats whose stomachs have been removed must be force-fed to prevent starvation.
D) less ghrelin is secreted when the stomach is empty.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that hunger is not solely controlled by the stomach. People who have had their cancerous stomachs removed still experience hunger. This indicates that there are other physiological mechanisms at play.

Question 4

Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it;Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit.Marcy's behavior reflects ________,whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects ________.
A) self-disclosure;grit
B) achievement motivation;grit
C) intrinsic motivation;extrinsic motivation
D) extrinsic motivation;intrinsic motivation

Accepted Answer

Marcy's behavior is driven by her personal enjoyment and satisfaction, which is an example of intrinsic motivation. On the other hand, Jennifer's behavior is motivated by the external reward of making a profit, which is an example of extrinsic motivation.

Question 5

In an experiment by Ancel Keys,36 male volunteers cut their food intake in half.In response to this semistarvation,the volunteers
A) did not stabilize their weight even though they were taking in half their previous calories.
B) stabilized at 25 percent of their normal weight,while taking in half their previous calories.
C) reduced their energy expenditure,and their body weights stabilized at about 25 percent below their starting weights.
D) increased their energy expenditure and their basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

The volunteers reduced their energy expenditure and their body weights stabilized at about 25 percent below their starting weights, as reported by Ancel Keys in The Biology of Human Starvation. They also showed physiological changes such as decreased body temperature and heart rate as adaptations to conserve energy.

Question 6

Sixteen-year-old Jonah practices his violin several hours a day with no prompting from his parents.His goal is to be accepted to Juilliard School and someday perform with the New York Philharmonic.Jonah's behavior exemplifies
A) grit.
B) narcissism.
C) self-transcendence.
D) sensation-seeking.

Accepted Answer

Jonah's dedication to practicing the violin for several hours a day shows perseverance, passion, and long-term goals, all of which are characteristics of grit.

Question 7

Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to have a high level of
A) affiliation.
B) social networking.
C) achievement motivation.
D) chain migration.

Accepted Answer

Grit refers to perseverance and passion for long-term goals, which aligns with achievement motivation. It is not related to affiliation, social networking, or chain migration.

Question 8

William is making an effort to engage in healthier behavior.His doctor has suggested that he exercise daily.How long would he need to exercise daily for it to become an ingrained habit?
A) 2 weeks
B) 1 month
C) 2 months
D) 3 months

Accepted Answer

It generally takes about 2 months, or approximately 66 days on average, for a new behavior to become automatic or form a habit, according to a study published in the European Journal of Social Psychology.

Question 9

Ancel Keys and his research team observed that men on a semistarvation diet
A) became apathetic and lost interest in food.
B) remained interested in food but avoided talking or thinking about it.
C) lost interest in sex and social activities.
D) became increasingly preoccupied with political and religious issues.

Accepted Answer

According to the book "The Biology of Human Starvation" by Ancel Keys, men on a semistarvation diet showed a decrease in interest in sex and social activities, which is option C. They did not become apathetic, avoid talking or thinking about food, or become preoccupied with political or religious issues.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a comparison between intelligence and achievements?
A) Intelligence peaks in the teen years;achievements peak in late adulthood.
B) Both intelligence and achievements reflect a genetic predisposition.
C) Intelligence decreases with age,while achievements increase with age.
D) Intelligence distributes like a bell curve;achievements do not.

Accepted Answer

Intelligence follows a bell curve distribution, where most people fall within the average range and fewer people fall on either end of the spectrum. However, achievements do not follow a predictable distribution as they can vary based on individual circumstances and opportunities.

Question 11

Grit can best be described as
A) the need to belong.
B) the need for affiliation.
C) a lowered awareness of self and time.
D) passionate dedication to an ambitious goal.

Accepted Answer

The definition of grit is passionate dedication to an ambitious goal. The other choices do not accurately describe grit.

Question 12

The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its enjoyment alone involves
A) extrinsic motivation.
B) grit.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) self-disclosure.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity for the sake of its enjoyment or inherent satisfaction. It is driven by personal interest and pleasure rather than external rewards or pressures. Therefore, the desire to engage in an activity for its enjoyment alone is an example of intrinsic motivation.

Question 13

Margo is out of shape and has set a goal for herself of working out three to five times a week.Which of the following is something that she should NOT do?
A) make a resolution to work out regularly
B) keep her goal to work out regularly to herself
C) monitor her own progress of working out regularly
D) create a plan to work out regularly

Accepted Answer

Keeping her goal to work out regularly to herself would not be helpful as it removes the social support and accountability that can come from sharing one's goals with others.

Question 14

In studies of both secondary school and university students,________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores have been.
A) social leadership
B) self-discipline
C) social networking
D) self-esteem

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline has been consistently found to be a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores. This is because self-discipline is related to the ability to manage time effectively, set and achieve goals, and persist in the face of challenges, all of which are important for academic success. In contrast, intelligence test scores primarily reflect cognitive abilities and do not necessarily indicate the level of effort and motivation a student is willing to put forth in their studies.

Question 15

Who defined achievement motivation?
A) Henry Murray
B) George Mallory
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Viktor Frankl

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray defined achievement motivation as the need for success or the attainment of excellence relative to a set of standards. He believed that it was a major driving force in human behavior and played a significant role in determining an individual's success in life.

Question 16

Which of the following is an important component of achievement motivation?
A) self-disclosure
B) narcissism
C) self-discipline
D) social networking

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline is an important component of achievement motivation because it involves the ability to focus on long-term goals, resist temptation or distractions, and persist in the face of obstacles. Without self-discipline, individuals may lack the drive or persistence necessary to achieve their goals. Self-discipline also involves setting realistic goals and developing effective strategies for achieving them, which can help individuals stay motivated and focused on their objectives. Self-discipline is not the same as self-control or willpower, although these traits are related. Instead, self-discipline involves cultivating habits and routines that support achievement and success over time.

Question 17

Working with Walter Cannon,A.L.Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by
A) rising blood glucose levels.
B) reduced secretions of ghrelin.
C) a rising set point.
D) stomach contractions.

Accepted Answer

A.L. Washburn used a balloon experiment to demonstrate that stomach contractions are associated with feelings of hunger. As he inflated and deflated the balloon in his own stomach, he found that these contractions increased and decreased with corresponding feelings of hunger and fullness. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 18

We experience hunger when the level of
A) ghrelin in our blood is low.
B) leptin in our blood is low.
C) glucose in our blood is low.
D) PYY in our blood is high.

Accepted Answer

Hunger is primarily controlled by the levels of glucose in our blood. When the glucose levels drop, it signals the body to release hormones that stimulate appetite and increase the motivation to eat. Ghrelin stimulates hunger, whereas leptin and PYY suppress appetite. However, hunger is not directly caused by low levels of these hormones but rather by low levels of glucose.

Question 19

When researchers monitored the professional accomplishments of more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals,they found that the most successful were more ambitious,energetic,and persistent.This best illustrates the importance of
A) high intelligence.
B) narcissism.
C) achievement motivation.
D) self-disclosure.

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that success was most strongly correlated with achievement motivation, which encompasses goals, ambition, energy, and persistence. This suggests that being highly intelligent alone is not enough to achieve great success; one must also possess a strong drive to accomplish their goals. Narcissism and self-disclosure were not mentioned as significant factors in this study.

Question 20

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry.This illustrates that activated motives
A) increase basal metabolic rate.
B) lower the set point.
C) are not culturally influenced.
D) dominate consciousness.

Accepted Answer

When people are thirsty or hungry, their need for water or food becomes a dominant thought, illustrating that activated motives can dominate consciousness. This is because the body's immediate needs take precedence over other thoughts or actions until those needs are satisfied.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Caroline loves to read and enjoys looking up the meanings of words she does not know.In school,her teacher promises a gold star to students each time they learn a new word.The teacher's behavior is most likely to undermine

________ is a major source of energy in your body.

Research on the physiological basis of hunger has indicated that

Marcy grows roses for the sheer joy of it;Jennifer grows them to sell at a profit.Marcy's behavior reflects ,whereas Jennifer's behavior reflects .

In an experiment by Ancel Keys,36 male volunteers cut their food intake in half.In response to this semistarvation,the volunteers

Sixteen-year-old Jonah practices his violin several hours a day with no prompting from his parents.His goal is to be accepted to Juilliard School and someday perform with the New York Philharmonic.Jonah's behavior exemplifies

Those who demonstrate grit are especially likely to have a high level of

William is making an effort to engage in healthier behavior.His doctor has suggested that he exercise daily.How long would he need to exercise daily for it to become an ingrained habit?

Ancel Keys and his research team observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Which of the following best describes a comparison between intelligence and achievements?

Grit can best be described as

The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its enjoyment alone involves

Margo is out of shape and has set a goal for herself of working out three to five times a week.Which of the following is something that she should NOT do?

In studies of both secondary school and university students,________ has been a better predictor of school performance than intelligence test scores have been.

Who defined achievement motivation?

Which of the following is an important component of achievement motivation?

Working with Walter Cannon,A.L.Washburn used a balloon to show that feelings of hunger are accompanied by

We experience hunger when the level of

When researchers monitored the professional accomplishments of more than 1500 highly intelligent individuals,they found that the most successful were more ambitious,energetic,and persistent.This best illustrates the importance of

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry.This illustrates that activated motives