Question 1

Walter Cannon challenged the James-Lange theory,criticizing it on several grounds.Which of the following is one of those criticisms?
A) The James-Lange theory overemphasized the importance of physiological reactions.
B) Cannon argued that the James-Lange theory failed to consider the importance of thoughts in emotional reactions.
C) Cannon pointed out that bodily reactions are similar for many emotions,yet our subjective experience of various emotions is very different.
D) The James-Lange theory described the nature of emotions but failed to explain how they occur.

Accepted Answer

Cannon's criticism of the James-Lange theory included the observation that different emotions can produce similar physiological responses, yet we experience these emotions as distinct from one another. This challenges the James-Lange theory's assertion that emotions are primarily the result of interpreting specific physiological reactions.

Question 2

The basic components of emotion are
A) sympathetic arousal,parasympathetic inhibition,and cognitive labeling.
B) physical gestures,facial expressions,and psychological drives.
C) expressive behaviors,physiological arousal,and conscious experience.
D) cognition,affect,and behavior.

Accepted Answer

The basic components of emotion are expressive behaviors (such as facial expressions), physiological arousal (such as increased heart rate), and conscious experience (such as subjective feelings). Choice A is incorrect because while sympathetic arousal (activating the fight-or-flight response) and parasympathetic inhibition (reducing bodily functions) can be involved in emotion, cognitive labeling is not necessarily a basic component. Choice B is incorrect because while physical gestures and psychological drives can be related to emotion, they are not considered basic components. Choice D is incorrect because while cognition (thinking), affect (emotions), and behavior can be involved in emotion, they are not considered basic components.

Question 3

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to
A) the James-Lange theory.
B) cognitive appraisal.
C) two-factor theory.
D) the Cannon-Bard theory.

Accepted Answer

The idea of simultaneous activation of the cortex and the sympathetic nervous system in response to an emotion-arousing stimulus is central to the Cannon-Bard theory. In contrast, the James-Lange theory suggests that emotions result from the interpretation of physical responses to stimuli, while the cognitive appraisal theory emphasizes the role of cognitive evaluation in shaping emotional experience. The two-factor theory proposes that emotions arise from the interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation.

Question 4

Psychologists define ________ as a complex psychological state that involves a physiological (bodily)response,a behavioral or expressive response,and conscious experience.
A) arousal
B) emotion
C) behaviors
D) conscious experiences

Accepted Answer

Arousal may be a part of emotion, but emotion involves more than just physiological responses. Behaviors and conscious experiences may also be involved in emotion, but again, emotion is a more complex experience that encompasses all three components.

Question 5

Paul insists that the sight of guns always leads him to experience the same intense level of fear regardless of whether he is physically aroused or physically calm.Paul's reported experience is most consistent with
A) the James-Lange theory.
B) the two-factor theory.
C) cognitive appraisal.
D) the Cannon-Bard theory.

Accepted Answer

Paul's experience aligns with the Cannon-Bard theory, which proposes that emotional and physiological reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously and independently. This theory explains why Paul feels intense fear at the sight of guns regardless of his physical state, as his emotional response does not depend on his physical arousal.

Question 6

Cassandra's mother told her,"You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates
A) the Cannon-Bard theory.
B) the two-factor theory.
C) cognitive appraisal.
D) the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

Cassandra's mother's remark illustrates the James-Lange theory, which suggests that emotions arise from physiological reactions to events. In this case, the fast heartbeat and trembling feeling are seen as the cause of the emotion of love, aligning with the James-Lange theory's emphasis on physical responses leading to emotional experiences.

Question 7

Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity often reduce people's subjective experience of intense anxiety.Which theory of emotion would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?
A) James-Lange
B) Cannon-Bard
C) two-factor
D) cognitive appraisal

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that emotions and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently of each other. Therefore, it would have difficulty explaining how inhibiting physiological reactions (through tranquilizing drugs) could reduce the experience of an emotion like anxiety, as it suggests that emotions are not directly caused by physiological states.

Question 8

With sleep deprivation,the levels of leptin ________ and the levels of ghrelin ________.
A) rise;rise
B) fall;fall
C) rise;fall
D) fall;rise

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation leads to a decrease in leptin levels and an increase in ghrelin levels. Leptin is a hormone that suppresses appetite, while ghrelin is a hormone that increases appetite. Therefore, with sleep deprivation, the levels of leptin will fall, leading to increased hunger, while the levels of ghrelin will rise, further increasing appetite.

Question 9

According to the Cannon-Bard theory,the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the
A) cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thalamus.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience emotions and physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, and muscle tension simultaneously. According to this theory, the cortex is responsible for the subjective awareness of emotion, as it is the part of the brain involved in processing emotional experiences and making sense of them.

Question 10

Michael has gained 10 pounds since he became close friends with Matt,who is 75 pounds overweight.Michael finds that he eats larger portions and more unhealthy foods when he is around Matt.Michael's change in diet and weight gain can be explained by the impact of
A) the ecology of eating.
B) neophobia.
C) sleep loss.
D) social influences.

Accepted Answer

Michael's change in diet and weight gain can be explained by social influences, specifically his close friendship with Matt who is overweight and influences Michael to eat larger portions and more unhealthy foods.

Question 11

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
A) to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.
B) the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal.
C) an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion.
D) to experience emotion we must be physically aroused and able to cognitively label the emotion.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. According to this theory, emotions are created by the bodily responses to external stimuli. This means that when we experience an event that causes bodily changes, such as increased heart rate or sweating, we interpret these changes as emotions.

Question 12

While walking to her car in a dimly lit parking garage,Mei Lin hears a loud sound behind her,which causes her to experience intense fear.According to the text,the fear Mei Lin now feels involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) parasympathetic activity.
B) a physiological response.
C) a behavioral or expressive response.
D) conscious experience.

Accepted Answer

The question states that the fear involves all of the following EXCEPT parasympathetic activity. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are all valid responses as they describe various aspects of fear. However, parasympathetic activity is not mentioned as being part of Mei Lin's fear response.

Question 13

Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors in addition to genetics includes the fact that
A) mice injected with daily doses of leptin become less active and gain weight.
B) people lose a pound of weight for every reduction of 3500 calories in their diet.
C) the weights of adopted people are highly correlated with the weights of their adoptive parents.
D) worldwide,people are averaging less than 20 minutes per day of moderate activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors...

Question 14

Who suggested that "we feel sorry because we cry ...afraid because we tremble"?
A) Stanley Schachter
B) William James
C) Walter Cannon
D) Richard Lazarus

Accepted Answer

William James suggested this idea, which is known as the James-Lange theory of emotion. He believed that our emotions are a result of our bodily reactions to stimuli, rather than the other way around. This means that we feel sad because we cry, or we feel scared because we tremble, rather than crying or trembling because we feel sad or scared.

Question 15

According to the ________,you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousal.
A) Cannon-Bard theory
B) James-Lange theory
C) two-factor theory
D) cognitive appraisal theory

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that we experience emotions and physiological reactions such as sweating, trembling, or muscle tension simultaneously, not sequentially. This theory suggests that emotions can be experienced even without the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and other physical reactions to emotions.

Question 16

If your close friend becomes obese,the odds of you likewise becoming obese increase.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on obesity.
A) the ecology of eating
B) neophobia
C) social facilitation
D) situational influences

Accepted Answer

The answer of If your close friend becomes obese,the odds...

Question 17

Which of the following suggestions would be the WORST advice for a dieter?
A) "Minimize your exposure to tempting foods."
B) "Accompany your diet with a sustained exercise program."
C) "Avoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening."
D) "Don't eat your meals with friends who are not on a diet."

Accepted Answer

Skipping meals during the day in order to have a big meal in the evening can lead to overeating and disrupt the body's metabolism. It is better to spread out meals throughout the day and consume smaller portions.

Question 18

When Amir took his first ride on the big ferris wheel,he looked down at the fairground 100 feet below and became aware of his high level of physiological arousal.Suddenly he felt frightened.The sequence of events in Amir's emotional experience reflects
A) the Cannon-Bard theory.
B) the two-factor theory.
C) cognitive appraisal.
D) the James-Lange theory.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that our physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion. In Amir's case, he first became aware of his high level of physiological arousal (looking down at the fairground from the ferris wheel), and then felt frightened.

Question 19

According to the James-Lange theory,we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal.According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.
A) before;before
B) before;after
C) after;at the same time as
D) at the same time as;after

Accepted Answer

According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion after we notice our physiological arousal, suggesting that the emotion is a result of the arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, we experience emotion at the same time as we become physiologically aroused, indicating that the two processes occur simultaneously.

Question 20

Exercising regularly and getting enough sleep contribute to a(n)________ in metabolism and a(n)________ in the settling point.
A) increase;increase
B) decrease;decrease
C) increase;decrease
D) decrease;increase

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise and sufficient sleep can boost metabolism and lower the body's settling point, leading to better weight management and overall health.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Walter Cannon challenged the James-Lange theory,criticizing it on several grounds.Which of the following is one of those criticisms?

The basic components of emotion are

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to

Psychologists define ________ as a complex psychological state that involves a physiological (bodily) response,a behavioral or expressive response,and conscious experience.

Paul insists that the sight of guns always leads him to experience the same intense level of fear regardless of whether he is physically aroused or physically calm.Paul's reported experience is most consistent with

Cassandra's mother told her,"You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you experience that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates

Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit sympathetic nervous system activity often reduce people's subjective experience of intense anxiety.Which theory of emotion would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?

With sleep deprivation,the levels of leptin and the levels of ghrelin .

According to the Cannon-Bard theory,the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the

Michael has gained 10 pounds since he became close friends with Matt,who is 75 pounds overweight.Michael finds that he eats larger portions and more unhealthy foods when he is around Matt.Michael's change in diet and weight gain can be explained by the impact of

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that

While walking to her car in a dimly lit parking garage,Mei Lin hears a loud sound behind her,which causes her to experience intense fear.According to the text,the fear Mei Lin now feels involves all of the following EXCEPT

Evidence that obesity is influenced by factors in addition to genetics includes the fact that

Who suggested that "we feel sorry because we cry ...afraid because we tremble"?

According to the ________,you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousal.

If your close friend becomes obese,the odds of you likewise becoming obese increase.This best illustrates the impact of ________ on obesity.

Which of the following suggestions would be the WORST advice for a dieter?

When Amir took his first ride on the big ferris wheel,he looked down at the fairground 100 feet below and became aware of his high level of physiological arousal.Suddenly he felt frightened.The sequence of events in Amir's emotional experience reflects

According to the James-Lange theory,we experience emotion we notice our physiological arousal.According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion we become physiologically aroused.

Exercising regularly and getting enough sleep contribute to a(n) in metabolism and a(n) in the settling point.