Question 1

After eating a normal lunch,two patients readily consumed a second lunch 20 minutes later because they had
A) no memory of the previous meal.
B) excessively high blood glucose levels.
C) suffered the loss of their hypothalamus.
D) unusually low levels of ghrelin secretions.

Accepted Answer

The patients consumed a second lunch because they had no memory of the previous meal, indicating that memory plays a role in regulating hunger and satiety.

Question 2

People's dislike of unfamiliar foods best illustrates
A) set point.
B) neophobia.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) hierarchy of needs.

Accepted Answer

Neophobia refers to the fear or strong dislike of anything new or unfamiliar. In the context of food, neophobia can lead people to avoid trying new foods or ingredients, causing them to stick to familiar and often less diverse diets.

Question 3

Basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of
A) the settling point.
B) insulin secretion.
C) energy expenditure.
D) homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the amount of energy expended by the body at rest to maintain basic physiological functions, such as breathing and circulation. It is a measure of energy expenditure.

Question 4

People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.
A) salty
B) starchy
C) unfamiliar
D) familiar

Accepted Answer

People are often hesitant to try unfamiliar foods because they are not accustomed to the taste.

Question 5

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors.Some researchers have therefore adopted the term
A) basal metabolic rate.
B) homeostasis.
C) ecology of eating.
D) settling point.

Accepted Answer

The term "settling point" refers to the idea that our weight is influenced by environmental and biological factors, and that it can fluctuate within a range or "settling point" rather than being fixed at a specific weight. This concept acknowledges that our weight is not solely determined by our biology, but also by factors such as food availability, social environment, and physical activity levels.

Question 6

When an organism's weight rises above its set point,the organism is likely to experience a(n)
A) decrease in both hunger and basal metabolic rate.
B) increase in hunger and a decrease in basal metabolic rate.
C) decrease in hunger and an increase in basal metabolic rate.
D) increase in both hunger and basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the body naturally responds by decreasing hunger and increasing the basal metabolic rate to burn off the excess energy and return to the set point weight.

Question 7

To explain why,when we have unlimited access to various tasty foods,we tend to overeat and gain weight,some researchers use the term ________ to indicate a person's base weight level.
A) homeostasis
B) basal metabolic rate
C) metabolism
D) settling point

Accepted Answer

The term "settling point" refers to a person's base weight level, which is determined by a variety of factors including genetics, environment, and behavior. When individuals have unlimited access to tasty foods, they tend to overeat and their weight may increase beyond their settling point. This can lead to weight gain and other health problems if not addressed. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, while basal metabolic rate and metabolism refer to the amount of energy the body needs to carry out various functions. These terms are not directly related to the concept of settling point and overeating.

Question 8

Eating foods that boost levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin serves to
A) reduce tense feelings.
B) increase ghrelin secretions.
C) reduce self-esteem.
D) increase bodily arousal.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is often referred to as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, and increasing its levels can help to reduce tense feelings and improve mood. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Option B is incorrect because ghrelin secretions are related to hunger, not mood. Option C is incorrect because increasing serotonin levels would not decrease self-esteem. Option D is incorrect because increased bodily arousal is not necessarily desirable or relevant in this context.

Question 9

Kendrick has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory of anything that occurred more than a minute ago.If he eats dinner at 6,and is then offered dinner at 6:30,most likely he would
A) not remember his recent meal,so would eat the second dinner readily.
B) refuse the second dinner,saying he had just had dinner.
C) take one bite and then say he was full from his earlier dinner.
D) refuse the second dinner,saying he was feeling full.

Accepted Answer

Given Kendrick's serious amnesia, he wouldn't remember eating the first dinner, making it likely he'd accept the second dinner without realizing he had already eaten.

Question 10

Camila is nervous about an upcoming exam and is consuming large quantities of pasta.She is surprised by how much of this starchy,carbohydrate-laden food she is eating.What can you tell her that will explain her eating behavior?
A) Carbohydrates increase levels of ghrelin,which can help you sleep.
B) Carbohydrates help increase levels of serotonin,which can have calming effects.
C) Carbohydrates help increase levels of orexin,which can have calming effects.
D) Carbohydrates help increase levels of norepinephrine,which can have calming effects.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates help increase levels of serotonin, which can have calming effects. This may explain why Camila is consuming large quantities of pasta as a way to reduce her anxiety and nervousness leading up to the exam.

Question 11

Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?
A) Although laboratory mice and rats will overeat if given a variety of foods to eat,animals in the wild will eat only enough to maintain a normal body weight.
B) Sustained changes in body weight can alter one's set point,and psychological factors also sometimes drive our feelings of hunger.
C) Even when people are given medications that boost brain levels of serotonin,their weight will gradually decrease with age.
D) The prevalence of obesity is just as great in developing countries as in North America.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following observations seems to...

Question 12

The level of serotonin in the brain is
A) decreased by a diet high in sugar.
B) decreased by a diet high in salt.
C) increased by a diet high in protein.
D) increased by a diet high in carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is synthesized from the precursor tryptophan, which is more readily available to the brain when carbohydrates are consumed. Therefore, a diet high in carbohydrates can increase the level of serotonin in the brain.

Question 13

People's preferences for sweet tastes are ________,and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are ________.
A) needs;drives
B) drives;needs
C) universal;learned
D) learned;universal

Accepted Answer

People's preferences for sweet tastes are generally universal due to the body's need for glucose, while preferences for excessively salty tastes are learned, often influenced by cultural and dietary habits.

Question 14

Dr.Welch disagrees with the idea that our weight has a set point.Instead,he prefers the term settling point.Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?
A) Although laboratory mice and rats will overeat if given a variety of foods to eat,animals in the wild will eat only enough to maintain a normal body weight.
B) Sustained changes in body weight can alter one's set point,and psychological factors also sometimes drive our feelings of hunger.
C) Even when people are given medications that boost brain levels of serotonin,their weight will gradually decrease with age.
D) The prevalence of obesity is just as great in developing countries as in North America.

Accepted Answer

The concept of a settling point suggests that body weight is not fixed but can adjust based on various factors, including changes in environment, lifestyle, and psychological state. Choice B supports this by indicating that sustained changes in body weight can alter what might be considered a set point, and that psychological factors can influence hunger, implying that weight is not predetermined but can shift based on a range of influences.

Question 15

Jana is visiting friends in Bangkok and is asked to try a local delicacy,sautéed grasshoppers.She is reluctant to do so as her ________,which was adaptive for our ancestors,makes Jana less willing to consume this odd food.
A) set point
B) basal metabolic rate
C) hypothalamus
D) neophobia

Accepted Answer

Neophobia is the fear or avoidance of unfamiliar or new things, which is an adaptive trait that helped our ancestors avoid potentially harmful foods. In this scenario, Jana's reluctance to try sautéed grasshoppers is likely due to her neophobia.

Question 16

Marcia's weight was stable for 10 years,but during the past month it has dropped more than 10 percent below her set point.It is likely that Marcia is experiencing a(n)________ in hunger and a(n)________ in basal metabolic rate.
A) increase;increase
B) decrease;increase
C) increase;decrease
D) decrease;decrease

Accepted Answer

When weight drops significantly below the set point, the body typically responds by increasing hunger to encourage eating and decreasing basal metabolic rate to conserve energy.

Question 17

Caroline developed a dislike for the taste of potato chips because she became sick several times after eating them.Her experience best illustrates that taste preferences are influenced by
A) basal metabolic rate.
B) learning experiences.
C) the ecology of eating.
D) a settling point.

Accepted Answer

Caroline's learning experiences, specifically becoming sick after eating potato chips, influenced her taste preferences. This suggests that taste preferences can be learned and shaped by experiences.

Question 18

The recipes commonly used in countries with hot climates are more likely to include ________ than those in countries with colder climates.
A) spices
B) carbohydrates
C) fats
D) proteins

Accepted Answer

Spices are commonly used in hot climate countries as they can help to cool down the body and add flavor to food, as well as having antimicrobial properties to prevent spoilage in warmer temperatures. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins can be found in a variety of cuisines regardless of climate.

Question 19

An explanation of motivation in terms of homeostasis (the tendency to maintain a balanced internal state)is best illustrated by the concept of
A) instinct.
B) set point.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) ecology of eating.

Accepted Answer

The concept of set point refers to the body's natural tendency to maintain a certain weight range to keep its internal environment in balance. This is an example of homeostasis, as the body tries to keep a balanced internal state. It is not related to instincts (A), basal metabolic rate (C), or ecology of eating (D).

Question 20

Six-year-old David is wary of trying your new lamb stew.He is also not that excited about trying frog legs or chocolate-covered bumblebees.This avoidance of unfamiliar foods
A) is uncommon in rats.
B) is uncommon in humans.
C) was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from toxic substances.
D) was not adaptive for our human ancestors because they became bored eating the same foods.

Accepted Answer

This avoidance of unfamiliar foods was adaptive for our human ancestors by protecting them from potentially toxic substances. This instinct allowed them to survive by avoiding potentially dangerous foods. However, in modern society, where we have access to a wide variety of safe foods, this behavior can sometimes be a hindrance, leading to picky eating habits.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

After eating a normal lunch,two patients readily consumed a second lunch 20 minutes later because they had

People's dislike of unfamiliar foods best illustrates

Basal metabolic rate is the body's resting rate of

People are most likely to dislike the taste of ________ foods.

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors.Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

When an organism's weight rises above its set point,the organism is likely to experience a(n)

To explain why,when we have unlimited access to various tasty foods,we tend to overeat and gain weight,some researchers use the term ________ to indicate a person's base weight level.

Eating foods that boost levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin serves to

Kendrick has a serious case of amnesia and has no memory of anything that occurred more than a minute ago.If he eats dinner at 6,and is then offered dinner at 6:30,most likely he would

Camila is nervous about an upcoming exam and is consuming large quantities of pasta.She is surprised by how much of this starchy,carbohydrate-laden food she is eating.What can you tell her that will explain her eating behavior?

Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?

The level of serotonin in the brain is

People's preferences for sweet tastes are ,and their preferences for excessively salty tastes are .

Dr.Welch disagrees with the idea that our weight has a set point.Instead,he prefers the term settling point.Which of the following observations seems to support the idea of a settling point?

Jana is visiting friends in Bangkok and is asked to try a local delicacy,sautéed grasshoppers.She is reluctant to do so as her ________,which was adaptive for our ancestors,makes Jana less willing to consume this odd food.

Marcia's weight was stable for 10 years,but during the past month it has dropped more than 10 percent below her set point.It is likely that Marcia is experiencing a(n) in hunger and a(n) in basal metabolic rate.

Caroline developed a dislike for the taste of potato chips because she became sick several times after eating them.Her experience best illustrates that taste preferences are influenced by

The recipes commonly used in countries with hot climates are more likely to include ________ than those in countries with colder climates.

An explanation of motivation in terms of homeostasis (the tendency to maintain a balanced internal state) is best illustrated by the concept of

Six-year-old David is wary of trying your new lamb stew.He is also not that excited about trying frog legs or chocolate-covered bumblebees.This avoidance of unfamiliar foods