Question 1

What period is the prime time for moral development?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the prime time for moral development occurs during middle childhood (ages 6-12). During this period, children begin to develop a sense of right and wrong and to understand the concepts of rules and fairness. They also begin to understand that there are different perspectives and values that can influence moral decision-making. While moral development continues throughout the lifespan, Kohlberg believed that the foundation for moral reasoning is established during middle childhood.

Question 2

According to the text, what method has been effective in stopping bullying in schools?

Accepted Answer

The text states that using a whole-school strategy has been effective in stopping bullying in schools. This approach involves promoting a positive school culture, educating students on bullying prevention, involving parents and teachers, and enforcing consistent consequences for bullying behavior.

Question 3

The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg's stage of preconventional morality is _____.

Accepted Answer

The preoperational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is similar to Kohlberg's stage of preconventional morality because both stages are characterized by an egocentric perspective and a lack of understanding of societal norms and values. In the preoperational stage, children are focused on their own needs and desires, while in the preconventional stage of moral development, individuals make decisions based on their own personal needs and interests.

Question 4

Liza is asked whether a person should steal food if he or she is starving. Liza says no, the person should ask for help and someone would offer food. Liza's answer is BEST explained by _____.

Accepted Answer

Liza's response aligns with Kohlberg's theory of moral development, specifically the conventional level where individuals adhere to societal rules and norms, believing that one should follow laws and seek help rather than resort to stealing.

Question 5

Which is a stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory includes three levels of moral reasoning - preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. The postconventional stage involves developing moral principles based on individual rights and justice, rather than just following rules or seeking approval from others. The other answer choices are not stages in Kohlberg's theory.

Question 6

Preconventional morality involves _____.

Accepted Answer

Preconventional morality is characterized by children's focus on seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. They tend to make choices based on their own self-interest rather than considering the impact on others or adhering to societal norms and laws.

Question 7

Simon was a bully for years during elementary school. Now that he is an adult, he is more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

As an adult, Simon is less likely to experience more bullying, as bullying behavior typically decreases with age and adults are less likely to be bullied compared to children. However, former bullies may face mental health issues, legal problems, or even a higher risk of early death due to the long-term effects of their behavior and lifestyle choices.

Question 8

What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

The first stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory is preconventional, which typically develops during childhood. In this stage, moral reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards.

Question 9

Over time, the consequences of bullying _____.

Accepted Answer

The consequences of bullying can have negative effects on both the bullies and their victims. Bullying can lead to social, emotional, and psychological problems for both parties, and can even lead to physical harm. In extreme cases, bullying can lead to suicide or homicide. It is important to address and prevent bullying to avoid these negative consequences.

Question 10

There are many approaches to addressing the issue of bullying. Research indicates the one effective approach is _____.

Accepted Answer

Changing the school culture as a whole has been shown to be the most effective approach to addressing bullying. This includes implementing policies and programs that promote kindness, empathy, and respect among students, as well as encouraging a culture of inclusion and diversity. It also involves addressing the root causes of bullying, such as social isolation, low self-esteem, and an inability to manage emotions. By transforming the school culture, students are more likely to feel safe and supported, and bullying behavior is less likely to occur.

Question 11

Most bullies pick on _____.

Accepted Answer

Most bullies tend to pick on individuals of their own sex. This may be due to competition, jealousy, or a desire to establish dominance within their peer group. However, it is important to note that anyone can become a target of bullying, regardless of their gender or relationship to the bully.

Question 12

The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is _____.

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level, moral reasoning is based on punishment and reward. Children and young adolescents tend to focus on avoiding punishment and seeking rewards for themselves. Therefore, the statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is "I don't want to get caught and punished."

Question 13

Chance steals food to feed himself and his little brother because they are starving. If another child hears about this and states, "Chance shouldn't steal because stealing is against the law," that child is MOST likely in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The child's statement reflects a concern for following societal rules and laws, which aligns with Kohlberg's conventional stage of moral development. This stage is characterized by a desire to conform to social norms and expectations, and to uphold laws and rules to maintain social order.

Question 14

Heather decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Joshua is cheating on the math exam because she is afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

In the conventional stage of moral development, individuals are more concerned with societal expectations and the opinions of others. In this scenario, Heather is afraid of being labeled a snitch, which reflects her concern for how other kids may perceive her actions.

Question 15

Alexys is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn't. Alexys is at which level of Kohlberg's view of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Alexys is at the preconventional level because her behavior is motivated by fear of punishment rather than a desire to follow moral principles. At this level, individuals are focused on avoiding punishment and obeying authority.

Question 16

Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of _____ in his description of the stages of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg built on the cognitive development theory of Jean Piaget in his description of the stages of moral development.

Question 17

Conventional morality involves _____.

Accepted Answer

Conventional morality is based on social norms and expectations, which are often learned from parents, teachers, and peers. It focuses on following rules and traditions rather than personal considerations or maximizing pleasure. Therefore, the best choice is B, following what parents, teachers, and peers do.

Question 18

All of the following factors drive children's growing interest in moral issues EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

Antipathy refers to hostility or strong dislike towards something/someone, and does not typically drive children's interest in moral issues. Peer norms, empathy, and personal experience are all factors that can drive children's growing interest in moral issues.

Question 19

Oussama is asked whether a person should steal food if he or she is starving. Oussama says no because it is against the law. Oussama is in Kohlberg's _____ moral reasoning level, in the stage called _____.

Accepted Answer

Oussama's reasoning is based on following the laws, rules, and regulations set by society, which is characteristic of the conventional moral reasoning level in Kohlberg's theory. Within this level, Oussama's thinking falls under the stage of law and order, where individuals believe that it is important to maintain the social order and follow the laws set by authority figures.

Question 20

What is the second stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

The second stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory is the conventional stage. This stage is characterized by the individual conforming to societal norms and expectations in order to gain approval from others. This can be seen in actions such as following rules and laws, and avoiding behavior that would bring shame or disapproval from others.

Quiz 14: Late Adulthood: Body and Mind