Question 1

In the results section of an APA-style report,a qualitative researcher will detail which of the following?
A) the interview script
B) background information on the hypothesis
C) references of works cited in the paper
D) central themes that re-occur throughout the interview

Accepted Answer

In the results section, a qualitative researcher will detail the central themes that re-occur throughout the interview. The interview script is usually included in the methods section, background information on the hypothesis is discussed in the introduction or literature review section, and references of works cited are included in the references section.

Question 2

A(n)_____ is a comprehensive description of a specific organization,group,or person studied over a length of time that contains information from a variety of sources.
A) case study
B) correlation
C) focus group
D) experiment

Accepted Answer

A case study is a detailed examination of a specific organization, group, or person that involves collecting data from multiple sources over a period of time. It provides a comprehensive description of the entity being studied, including its background, characteristics, and behavior. By analyzing a case study, researchers can gain a deep understanding of the subject and generate insights that can inform future research or practice.

Question 3

Grounded theory technique is an approach in which researchers:
A) use information from participants to generate the categories and build a theory.
B) organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication is known.
C) examine the natural patterns of dialogue that focuses on features such as turn taking,gaze direction,and how speakers sequence speech.
D) make predictions based on theory and then gather information that will allow them to accept or reject that prediction.

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory technique emphasizes gathering data and then using that data to generate categories and build a theory, rather than starting with a preconceived theory and then testing it with data.

Question 4

If Stephanie is measuring the visual-dominance ratio of each participants' eye contact and gazing behavior when they are the speaker and the listener,she is most likely conducting a(n)_____ analysis.
A) conversation
B) grounded theory
C) content
D) archival

Accepted Answer

Stephanie is analyzing the behavior and interaction between participants during a conversation, specifically focusing on how much eye contact and gazing they give as the speaker or listener. Therefore, she is likely conducting a conversation analysis, which studies the structure and organization of talk in social interactions. Grounded theory involves developing theories based on data, content analysis examines the content of communication, and archival analysis involves analyzing pre-existing data from sources such as historical records.

Question 5

In the _____ approach,researchers gather information before forming concrete ideas about how variables are related.
A) top-down
B) bottom-up
C) top-up
D) bottom-down

Accepted Answer

In the bottom-up approach, researchers collect data before developing a hypothesis or theory about how variables are related. This approach allows for more exploratory analysis and can lead to new insights and discoveries. The top-down approach, on the other hand, involves starting with a theory and then collecting data to confirm or refute it.

Question 6

When should the most sensitive questions be asked?
A) at the beginning of an interview
B) in the middle of an interview
C) at the end of an interview
D) strategically throughout the entire interview

Accepted Answer

The answer of When should the most sensitive questions be...

Question 7

A campaign manager is trying to ascertain how her client is doing in the field.She decides to conduct a _____ to allow voters to openly discuss the pros and cons of her candidate.
A) poll
B) case study
C) focus group
D) visual ethnography

Accepted Answer

A focus group is a research method that involves gathering a small group of people together to participate in a guided discussion about a particular topic. In this case, the campaign manager is trying to gather feedback from voters about her candidate, so a focus group would be the best option. Polls are typically used to collect quantitative data, while case studies and visual ethnography involve more in-depth analysis of a particular individual or group, rather than gathering feedback from a larger sample.

Question 8

Leon mailed out 2,000 copies of a questionnaire aimed at assessing people's feelings toward a proposed tax increase.He received 200 completed responses.In drawing conclusions about his findings,he should be most concerned about:
A) interviewer bias.
B) observer bias.
C) social desirability bias.
D) nonresponse bias.

Accepted Answer

Leon should be most concerned about nonresponse bias since he only received a response rate of 10%. Nonresponse bias occurs when the individuals who do not respond to a survey have a different opinion on the topic being studied compared to those who do respond. It can lead to inaccurate conclusions being drawn from the data collected. Therefore, Leon should be cautious when interpreting his findings and consider the possibility of nonresponse bias. The other biases listed (interviewer bias, observer bias, and social desirability bias) are not relevant to this particular situation.

Question 9

News reporters often use _____ analyses to tell the story of their interviewees.
A) qualitative
B) quantitative
C) mixed method
D) experimental

Accepted Answer

News reporters typically use qualitative analysis to tell the story of their interviewees. This involves collecting narrative data and using descriptive language to convey the experiences and perspectives of the interviewees. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, which is less commonly used in news reporting. Mixed method and experimental approaches may also be used, but are less common in the context of news reporting.

Question 10

Cause-and-effect relationships are best examined using:
A) a bottom-up approach.
B) qualitative research.
C) quantitative research.
D) a top-down approach.

Accepted Answer

Cause-and-effect relationships are best examined using quantitative research because it involves measuring variables and analyzing numerical data to establish correlations and causal relationships. Qualitative research is more suitable for exploring complex phenomena and generating theories, but it is not as effective in establishing cause-and-effect relationships. A top-down approach involves starting from a theory or hypothesis and testing it empirically, while a bottom-up approach involves gathering data and drawing conclusions from them, neither of which is inherently better for examining cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 11

Barbra Walters is known for her well-prepared questions,whereas Howard Stern is known to follow a story and create questions "on the fly." The difference between their interview styles can best be explained by:
A) Barbra's use of unstructured interviews and Howard's use of structured interviews.
B) Barbra's use of unstructured interviews and Howard's use of semi-structured interviews.
C) Barbra's use of structured interviews and Howard's use of unstructured interviews.
D) Barbra's use of semi-structured interviews and Howard's use of structured interviews.

Accepted Answer

Barbra's well-prepared questions suggest that she uses a structured interview style, while Howard's ability to create questions on the fly implies that he uses an unstructured interview style. Therefore, the best choice is C, which matches Barbra with structured interviews and Howard with unstructured interviews.

Question 12

Which of the following is true?
A) Qualitative research aims to find generalizable conclusions.
B) Qualitative research does not use statistics.
C) Quantitative research focuses on detailed descriptions and explanations.
D) Qualitative research generally takes place in a research laboratory.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research does not use statistics. It primarily focuses on in-depth exploration of a particular phenomenon, rather than seeking to generalize findings to a larger population, which is the main aim of quantitative research.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an interview format?
A) structured
B) unstructured
C) semi-unstructured
D) semi-structured

Accepted Answer

"Semi-unstructured" is not a recognized interview format. The common formats include structured, unstructured, and semi-structured interviews. Structured interviews have a set of predetermined questions, unstructured interviews are more open-ended, and semi-structured interviews combine elements of both.

Question 14

The systematic analysis of communication in which researchers organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication is known as _____ analysis.
A) conversation
B) content
C) grounded theory
D) critical incident

Accepted Answer

Content analysis involves systematically organizing and summarizing the substance of communication. Choice A, conversation analysis, focuses more on the structure and organization of conversation. Choice C, grounded theory, is a research method for developing theories based on systematically analyzing data. Choice D, critical incident analysis, examines specific incidents or events within a larger system or organization.

Question 15

How might a researcher engage in triangulation?
A) use the same techniques multiple times
B) use different techniques to obtain different information
C) study the same participants at multiple times
D) employ multiple techniques to assess the same information

Accepted Answer

Triangulation involves using multiple methods to assess the same information, in order to increase the validity and reliability of the findings. Using the same technique multiple times (A) does not necessarily improve the validity or reliability. Using different techniques to obtain different information (B) is not triangulation, as it involves assessing different aspects of the research question. Studying the same participants at multiple times (C) only addresses one aspect of triangulation, which is temporal triangulation, but does not necessarily improve the validity or reliability of the findings.

Question 16

_____ is any way that the interviewer influences the participants' responses.
A) Reflexivity
B) Triangulation
C) Interviewer bias
D) Replication

Accepted Answer

Interviewer bias refers to any way in which the interviewer may influence the participants' responses, such as through their tone of voice, body language, or the wording of their questions. Reflexivity refers to the researcher's reflection on their own biases and subjectivity. Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods or sources to confirm research findings. Replication refers to conducting the same study again to test its validity and reliability.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of quantitative research?
A) researcher attempts to minimize his/her influence in the research process
B) generally does not seek to establish cause-and-effect
C) provides conclusions using summaries,categories,and generalizations
D) favors studying participants in well-controlled laboratory settings

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research often seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships through experimental designs and statistical analysis, contrasting with the statement in option B which is more characteristic of qualitative research.

Question 18

Carl is a relatively judgmental individual who holds a number of preconceived notions about everyone he meets.Assuming you introduce him to someone new,which type of processing is he likely to use to form an impression?
A) bottom-up
B) top-down
C) reflexive
D) inductive

Accepted Answer

Carl's pre-existing judgments suggest that he is likely to use top-down processing to form impressions. Top-down processing involves the use of pre-existing knowledge and expectations to interpret new information, which is exactly what Carl is doing by relying on his preconceived notions about people.

Question 19

The _____ approach looks at pieces of the whole,whereas the ____ approach examines participants' perceptions of a situation to understand its meaning.
A) holistic;stratified
B) holistic;phenomenological
C) phenomenological;mixed model
D) phenomenological;situated

Accepted Answer

The holistic approach is focused on the whole, rather than individual pieces. The phenomenological approach, on the other hand, seeks to understand the meaning of a situation through the perceptions of participants. Therefore, the best choice is B, holistic;phenomenological.

Quiz 5: Qualitative Research: Part 2

In the results section of an APA-style report,a qualitative researcher will detail which of the following?

A(n) _____ is a comprehensive description of a specific organization,group,or person studied over a length of time that contains information from a variety of sources.

Grounded theory technique is an approach in which researchers:

If Stephanie is measuring the visual-dominance ratio of each participants' eye contact and gazing behavior when they are the speaker and the listener,she is most likely conducting a(n) _____ analysis.

In the _____ approach,researchers gather information before forming concrete ideas about how variables are related.

When should the most sensitive questions be asked?

A campaign manager is trying to ascertain how her client is doing in the field.She decides to conduct a _____ to allow voters to openly discuss the pros and cons of her candidate.

Leon mailed out 2,000 copies of a questionnaire aimed at assessing people's feelings toward a proposed tax increase.He received 200 completed responses.In drawing conclusions about his findings,he should be most concerned about:

News reporters often use _____ analyses to tell the story of their interviewees.

Cause-and-effect relationships are best examined using:

Barbra Walters is known for her well-prepared questions,whereas Howard Stern is known to follow a story and create questions "on the fly." The difference between their interview styles can best be explained by:

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is NOT an interview format?

The systematic analysis of communication in which researchers organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication is known as _____ analysis.

How might a researcher engage in triangulation?

_____ is any way that the interviewer influences the participants' responses.

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of quantitative research?

Carl is a relatively judgmental individual who holds a number of preconceived notions about everyone he meets.Assuming you introduce him to someone new,which type of processing is he likely to use to form an impression?

The _ approach looks at pieces of the whole,whereas the approach examines participants' perceptions of a situation to understand its meaning.