Question 1

Mr.McGrew needs to conduct an initial assessment on all of his soccer players to see if they are in shape after a summer of no practices.Mr.McGrew is conducting a:
A) longitudinal design.
B) case study.
C) behavioral diary.
D) baseline measurement.

Accepted Answer

Mr. McGrew is conducting a baseline measurement, as he is measuring the current state of his soccer players' fitness level at the beginning of the season to establish a starting point for improvement. Longitudinal design involves measuring the same variables over an extended period of time, while a case study involves in-depth analysis of a single individual or group. A behavioral diary involves keeping a record of an individual's daily activities and behaviors.

Question 2

_____is the process of using all potential treatment sequences in a within-subjects design.
A) Attrition
B) Latin square design
C) Maturation
D) Counterbalancing

Accepted Answer

Counterbalancing is the process of using all potential treatment sequences in a within-subjects design. Attrition refers to participants dropping out of a study, Latin square design is a specific type of experimental design, and Maturation refers to changes due to the natural process of development over time.

Question 3

A(n)_____ is a statistic used to determine if there is statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.
A) t-test for dependent means
B) paired samples t-test
C) independent samples t-test
D) Latin square design

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

A _____ is a statistic used to test a hypothesis from a within-subjects design with three or more conditions.
A) pretest-posttest test
B) repeated-measures analysis of variance
C) one-way analysis of variance
D) chi-square test of independence

Accepted Answer

A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to analyze data from within-subjects designs with three or more conditions. Options A and C are not appropriate because they refer to different types of analyses that are used for different types of designs. Option D is also not appropriate because it is used for analyzing categorical data, while ANOVA is used for continuous numerical data.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a potential solution to order effects?
A) fatigue participants so their performance deteriorates
B) provide participants with extensive training with task
C) do a trial run so the participants can learn
D) make the task more interesting

Accepted Answer

Fatiguing participants would not be a practical or ethical solution to order effects as it could negatively impact their well-being and prevent them from providing accurate responses. B, C, and D are all valid solutions as they involve providing participants with more knowledge or interest in the task to minimize the impact of order effects.

Question 6

Mrs.Klein is having her social studies students assessed at multiple points throughout the academic year,after each academic module has completed.However,she does not need a baseline measurement.Mrs.Klein is conducting a:
A) pretest-posttest design.
B) repeated-measures design.
C) Latin square design.
D) spurious design.

Accepted Answer

The repeated-measures design involves measuring the same group of participants multiple times, with the goal being to observe changes over time. This design does not require a baseline measurement, making it the best fit for Mrs. Klein's assessment approach. Option A, pretest-posttest design, is not appropriate because it involves measuring participants before and after an intervention or treatment, which is not the case here. Option C, Latin square design, is not applicable because it is a specific experimental design used to control for order effects in a crossover study. Option D, spurious design, is not relevant here, as it involves mistakenly attributing a relationship between two variables to a third variable when no meaningful relationship actually exists.

Question 7

Dr.Okete wants to collect baseline data from her sociology students regarding knowledge of local cultures and then assess the students at multiple points throughout the academic year,after each academic module has completed.Dr.Okete is conducting a:
A) pretest-posttest design.
B) repeated-measures design.
C) Latin square design.
D) spurious design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Okete wants to collect baseline data from...

Question 8

A professor is concerned about participants dropping out of his study because of fear of electric shock.He is worried about:
A) practice effects.
B) carryover effects.
C) retention.
D) attrition.

Accepted Answer

The professor's concern about participants dropping out of the study due to fear of electric shock is related to attrition, as attrition refers to participants dropping out of a study or not completing it.

Question 9

______ is a list of students maintained by a psychology department who will receive credit in their psychology class if they participate in a research study.
A) The retention pool
B) Attrition
C) The research participant pool
D) Baseline measurement

Accepted Answer

The research participant pool is a term used to refer to a list of students who are willing to participate in research studies conducted by a psychology department. These students receive credit in their psychology class for participating in these studies. This is a common practice in many psychology departments as it ensures a steady flow of participants and makes it easier for researchers to recruit participants. It also benefits the students as they get to learn about the research process and earn credit at the same time.

Question 10

A 2003 study investigating reality-based television programming and the psychology of its appeal found that:
A) regular reality TV show viewers reported no voyeuristic pleasure from the programs.
B) viewers were not aware that the cast members' behaviors were not authentic.
C) viewers indicated that they gained pleasure from reality TV shows.
D) viewers enjoy watching reality TV because it shows people who are better off than themselves.

Accepted Answer

The study found that viewers indicated that they gained pleasure from reality TV shows, suggesting that they found some appeal in watching this type of programming. Options A, B, and D are all incorrect because they are contradicted by the findings of the study.

Question 11

Professor Marks is most interested in whether his student's knowledge increased during the progression of his math course.Students took a quiz at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester.Professor Marks used a:
A) longitudinal design.
B) pretest-posttest design.
C) Latin square design.
D) repeated-measures design.

Accepted Answer

The pretest-posttest design involves measuring participants' knowledge both before and after an intervention, in this case, taking the math course. This design allows the researcher to determine whether there was a change in knowledge over the course of the semester. A longitudinal design involves following participants over an extended period of time, which is not necessary in this scenario. A Latin square design involves a complex counterbalancing of treatments and is typically used in experimental designs, which is not applicable in this scenario. A repeated-measures design involves measuring the same variable multiple times, which is similar to a pretest-posttest design but does not involve a pretest. Therefore, B is the best choice.

Question 12

_____ is a counterbalancing strategy in which each experimental condition appears at every position in the sequence order an equal number of times.
A) Latin Square design
B) Attrition
C) Maturation
D) Repeated-measures design

Accepted Answer

The Latin Square design is a counterbalancing strategy that ensures each experimental condition appears at every position in the sequence order an equal number of times. This helps to control for order effects and increases the internal validity of the study.

Question 13

Why is a pretest-posttest design considered a within-subjects design?
A) Participants are measured twice,once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study.
B) Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
C) Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
D) Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

Accepted Answer

A pretest-posttest design is considered a within-subjects design because participants are measured twice, once before and after the study, and are therefore serving as their own control.

Question 14

In a 2004 study observing why people watch reality television researchers found that:
A) participants who did not enjoy reality TV shows tended to place higher value on vengeance.
B) participants who enjoyed reality TV shows tended to place less value on vengeance.
C) participants who did not enjoy reality TV shows tended to be more status-oriented.
D) participants who enjoyed reality TV shows tended to be more status-oriented.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a 2004 study observing why people...

Question 15

______ is the continued exposure to experimental conditions in a within-subjects study that increases the likelihood of hypothesis-guessing.
A) Order effect
B) Practice effect
C) Sensitization effect
D) Carryover effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______ is the continued exposure to experimental...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a potential solution to order effects?
A) lengthen the time between treatments
B) expose participants to only one of the treatments
C) use strategies that prevent participants from knowing the purpose of study
D) keep the tasks brief

Accepted Answer

Exposing participants to only one treatment is not a potential solution to order effects because it eliminates the possibility of assessing differences between treatments. The other three options (lengthening the time between treatments, using strategies to prevent knowledge of the purpose of the study, and keeping tasks brief) are all ways to reduce or prevent order effects.

Question 17

A 2007 exploratory study examining reality TV show appeal found that:
A) participants watched reality television shows to pass the time.
B) participants watched reality television shows for voyeuristic reasons.
C) fictional TV shows are more appealing than reality TV shows.
D) viewers did not gain pleasure from watching reality television shows.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 2007 exploratory study examining reality TV...

Question 18

Why is a longitudinal design considered a within-subjects design?
A) Participants are measured twice,once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study.
B) Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
C) Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
D) Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal design involves measuring the same participants on the dependent variable over time, which is why it is considered a within-subjects design. Option A describes a pretest-posttest design, option C describes a repeated measures design, and option D does not relate to the characteristics of a longitudinal design.

Question 19

Why is a repeated-measures design considered a within-subjects design?
A) Participants are measured twice,once at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study.
B) Participants are repeatedly measured on the dependent variable over time.
C) Participants are measured on the dependent variable after exposure to each level of the independent variable.
D) Fewer research participants are needed for adequate statistical power.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is a repeated-measures design considered a...

Question 20

_____ is a German word meaning "enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others."
A) Streudelfreude
B) Schadenfreude
C) Nachmittag
D) Gehirntumor

Accepted Answer

Schadenfreude is a German word that means "enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others." A is not a real German word and has been made up. C means "afternoon" and D means "brain tumor."

Quiz 10: Within-Subjects Designs: Part 2

Mr.McGrew needs to conduct an initial assessment on all of his soccer players to see if they are in shape after a summer of no practices.Mr.McGrew is conducting a:

_____is the process of using all potential treatment sequences in a within-subjects design.

A(n) _____ is a statistic used to determine if there is statistically significant difference between two related sets of scores.

A _____ is a statistic used to test a hypothesis from a within-subjects design with three or more conditions.

Which of the following is NOT a potential solution to order effects?

Mrs.Klein is having her social studies students assessed at multiple points throughout the academic year,after each academic module has completed.However,she does not need a baseline measurement.Mrs.Klein is conducting a:

Dr.Okete wants to collect baseline data from her sociology students regarding knowledge of local cultures and then assess the students at multiple points throughout the academic year,after each academic module has completed.Dr.Okete is conducting a:

A professor is concerned about participants dropping out of his study because of fear of electric shock.He is worried about:

______ is a list of students maintained by a psychology department who will receive credit in their psychology class if they participate in a research study.

A 2003 study investigating reality-based television programming and the psychology of its appeal found that:

Professor Marks is most interested in whether his student's knowledge increased during the progression of his math course.Students took a quiz at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester.Professor Marks used a:

_____ is a counterbalancing strategy in which each experimental condition appears at every position in the sequence order an equal number of times.

Why is a pretest-posttest design considered a within-subjects design?

In a 2004 study observing why people watch reality television researchers found that:

______ is the continued exposure to experimental conditions in a within-subjects study that increases the likelihood of hypothesis-guessing.

Which of the following is NOT a potential solution to order effects?

A 2007 exploratory study examining reality TV show appeal found that:

Why is a longitudinal design considered a within-subjects design?

Why is a repeated-measures design considered a within-subjects design?

_____ is a German word meaning "enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others."