Question 1

The plaintiff must have a ____ that the supplier did not fulfill in order to win a breach-of-warranty claim.

Accepted Answer

A valid contract is required for a breach-of-warranty claim because it establishes the terms of the agreement between the plaintiff and the supplier.

Question 2

When developing safety-critical software ____.

Accepted Answer

When developing safety-critical software, a project safety engineer maintains a hazard log to identify potential hazards and risks throughout the development process. This helps ensure that appropriate measures are taken to mitigate those risks and enhance the safety of the software. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the additional QA tasks, documentation requirements, and cost involved in developing safety-critical software.

Question 3

After an organization decides to adopt CMMI-DEV, it must ____.

Accepted Answer

Before adopting CMMI-DEV, an organization must conduct an assessment of its current software development practices to identify areas that need improvement. This will help the organization to determine how much effort and investment will be required to implement CMMI-DEV effectively. While budgeting and revamping practices may be necessary, they are not the first steps in the process. Hiring a software development guru may be helpful, but is not required for adoption of CMMI-DEV.

Question 4

____ describes how a product or process could fail to perform the desired function described by the customer.

Accepted Answer

FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a systematic method of identifying potential failure modes and their causes and effects on a product or process. It is used to evaluate and prioritize risks to prevent failures from occurring or to mitigate their effects. FMEA helps identify failure modes that could impact the function of the product or process from the customer's perspective.

Question 5

System developers must understand the environment in which their systems will operate and design systems that are as immune to ____________________ as possible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of System developers must understand the environment in...

Question 6

Under the doctrine of supervening event, ____.

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of supervening event refers to circumstances where an event occurs after a contract is formed that makes performance impossible or fundamentally different. In this context, if the software was materially altered after it left the seller's possession and this alteration caused the injury, the original seller would not be liable.

Question 7

To obtain the ____ certificate, an organization must submit to an examination by an external auditor and have written procedures for all processes, follow those procedures, and prove to an auditor that it has fulfilled these requirements.

Accepted Answer

The description given describes the process for obtaining an ISO 9000 certification. Option A, CMMI-DEV, is a capability maturity model integration for development organizations. Option B, FMEA, is a failure mode and effects analysis technique used for risk management. Option D, quality assurance, is a general term for the process of ensuring quality in work processes.

Question 8

Crane Company CEO Eric Fast maintains that Boeing changed the requirements of the brake control system resulting in the need to develop a new ____________________ of the brake control system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crane Company CEO Eric Fast maintains that...

Question 9

In the development of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, tracing lines of code back to specific requirements for the electric braking system is a critical part of code ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the development of the Boeing 787...

Question 10

____________________ focuses on defining, measuring, and refining the quality of the development process and the products developed during its various stages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ focuses on defining, measuring, and refining...

Question 11

____ occurs when a seller or lessor either misrepresents the quality of a product or conceals a defect in it.

Accepted Answer

Intentional misrepresentation occurs when a seller or lessor deliberately misrepresents the quality of a product or conceals a defect, leading the buyer to make a decision based on false information.

Question 12

____________________ software has long been required to support the fields of air traffic control, nuclear power, automobile safety, health care, military and defense, and space exploration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ software has long been required to...

Question 13

Even with safety precautions in place, the software associated with safety-critical systems ____.

Accepted Answer

Even with safety precautions in place, the software associated with safety-critical systems is vulnerable to errors that can lead to injury or death. No software can exhibit 100% reliability or availability, and it is not true that it simply never fails.

Question 14

A(n) ____ requires several standards must be met including; the goods must be fit for the ordinary purpose for which they are used, the quality of the goods must pass without objection in the trade, and the goods must meet a fair average or middle range of quality.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the definition of the implied warranty of merchantability, which is an automatic guarantee that the goods being sold are of acceptable quality and fit for their intended purpose.

Question 15

After successful unit testing, the software units are combined into an integrated subsystem that undergoes rigorous testing to ensure that the linkages among the various subsystems work successfully. This form of testing is called ____.

Accepted Answer

After successful unit testing, the integrated subsystem undergoes integration testing to ensure that the linkages among the various subsystems work successfully. Integration testing is focused on testing the interactions and dependencies between different components or systems. Static testing is focused on reviewing and analyzing the code, documents, or other artifacts without executing them. System testing is focused on ensuring that the entire system works as intended. User acceptance testing is focused on ensuring that the system meets the business requirements and user needs.

Question 16

Risk involves the measurement or assessment of two parameters, the probability of an undesirable event occurring and ____.

Accepted Answer

The second parameter in assessing risk is the magnitude of the event's consequences. This refers to the degree of harm or damage that could result from the undesirable event and is a crucial factor in evaluating risk.

Question 17

When sued for negligence, a software developer is not held responsible for every product defect that could have been detected that causes customer or third-party loss. Instead, responsibility is limited to ____.

Accepted Answer

The responsibility of a software developer when sued for negligence is limited to harmful defects that could have been detected and corrected through "reasonable" software development practices, not every product defect.

Question 18

One approach to quality assurance is to test the code of a completed unit of software by actually entering test data and comparing the results to the expected results. This is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic testing involves executing the code and testing it with actual data, as described in the question. Black-box testing refers to testing without knowledge of the internal structure of the code, while white-box testing involves testing with knowledge of the internal structure. Static testing refers to reviewing code without executing it.

Question 19

____ defines five levels of software development maturity and identifies the issues that are most critical to software quality and process improvement.

Accepted Answer

The Capability Maturity Model Integration-Dev (CMMI-Dev) defines five levels of software development maturity, from initial ad hoc practices to fully optimized and proactive practices. It also helps identify critical issues for software quality and process improvement. The other options, such as ISO 9000, quality assurance, and FMEA, do not specifically define software development maturity levels or address critical issues for software quality and process improvement in the same way as CMMI-Dev.

Question 20

____ is a standard, proven work process that enables project team members to make controlled and orderly progress in developing high-quality software.

Accepted Answer

Software development methodology is a proven work process that enables project team members to make controlled and orderly progress in developing high-quality software. ISO 9000 and CMMI are both frameworks for quality management, while quality assurance is a process of ensuring that the software meets the required quality standards.

Quiz 7: Software Development