Question 1

A series of questions designed to assess respondents' level of moral development by having them rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas is the _____ Test.

Accepted Answer

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) is specifically designed to measure an individual's level of moral reasoning or moral development by asking them to rank the importance of different values and principles in resolving moral dilemmas. The other choices are either unrelated (B and D) or too broad (A) to accurately describe this specific test.

Question 2

A series of studies compared three groups of students: Koreans in Seoul, South Korea; Korean Americans who had lived most of their lives in the United States; and U.S.-born European Americans. Students in the study were asked to determine what information they would like to know in order to determine why a graduate student might have murdered a professor. Results revealed that _____ asked for more information, which suggested they were able to determine a more holistic, balanced synthesis.

Accepted Answer

The studies found that Koreans and Korean Americans asked for more information, indicating that they were able to determine a more holistic, balanced synthesis. European Americans did not ask for as much information, suggesting a more individualistic and linear thinking style.

Question 3

Geraldine is a medical intern who believes that all people deserve access to medical care, but she also knows that throughout her career she will have to make decisions about which patients will receive a scarce, life-saving medication. Reconciling these two thoughts requires _____.

Accepted Answer

Dialectical thinking involves the ability to hold opposing ideas or values simultaneously and work to find a synthesis or solution that reconciles them. In this scenario, Geraldine's belief in universal access to medical care conflicts with the scarcity of life-saving medication. Dialectical thinking can help her navigate this tension and come to a decision that balances these two values.

Question 4

Many researchers believe that all of the following shape the ethics of adults EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

While income may impact the opportunity to make certain ethical decisions or have access to resources, it is not considered a direct factor in shaping an individual's ethics. Responsibility, education, and experiences all contribute to one's ethical beliefs and decision-making abilities.

Question 5

If a student needed to write a short paper about gender as it relates to moral thinking, what would be an appropriate first sentence of the paper given the research on this issue?

Accepted Answer

This choice acknowledges that there is research on both sides of the issue - some studies find gender differences in moral thinking, while others do not. It sets up the discussion for the rest of the paper by acknowledging that the topic is complex and not entirely agreed upon by scholars.

Question 6

Marge's marriage is troubled. She and her husband find very little joy in being with each other, in part because they have both changed as individuals. If Marge and her husband are capable of dialectical thinking, they will _____.

Accepted Answer

If Marge and her husband are capable of dialectical thinking, they will recognize that change is a part of life and relationships, and they will work to adjust their relationship to accommodate these changes rather than trying to return to how things were in the past. This could involve finding new ways to connect and spend time together, or accepting that they may need to spend more time apart. It could also involve examining their expectations of each other and their relationship and making adjustments as needed. Ultimately, dialectical thinking involves recognizing and embracing the complexity and contradictions that exist within any relationship, rather than trying to simplify or ignore them.

Question 7

Four-year-old Davis believes that God gave his little brother to his mother because she stayed overnight at the hospital. Davis is at the _____ stage of religious faith.

Accepted Answer

The intuitive-projective stage of religious faith is typically seen in preschool children and is characterized by a belief in magical thinking and a lack of distinction between fantasy and reality. Children at this stage often think that their thoughts and behaviors can influence external events, and they may create elaborate imaginary worlds and stories to explain their experiences. Davis's belief that his mother's overnight stay at the hospital caused God to give her a baby is an example of intuitive-projective thinking.

Question 8

A student believes that divorce is right if the marriage partners are no longer in love, even if the couple has children together. The student is reasoning from a morality of _____ orientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student believes that divorce is right...

Question 9

Dr. Richardson asks her class which age group is most in favor of same-sex marriage. A student raises his hand and correctly identifies _____ as being most in favor of it.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that emerging adults (ages 18-29) are the most in favor of same-sex marriage compared to other age groups.

Question 10

The stage in which faith becomes an active commitment, detached from the expectations of culture and others, is referred to as the stage of _____ faith.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stage in which faith becomes an...

Question 11

Helena is participating in a study in which she has to decide if she should cheat on a test. She is asked to rank-order possible solutions to cheating on the test. Helena is participating in a study that is using a _____ Test.

Accepted Answer

The Defining Issues Test is designed to assess moral reasoning by having participants rank-order solutions to moral dilemmas, such as deciding whether to cheat on a test.

Question 12

Which college student is most likely to experience shifts in moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning involves the ability to make judgments about right and wrong actions, and is heavily influenced by philosophical perspectives. Therefore, Jed, who is taking a philosophy course, is most likely to experience shifts in moral reasoning compared to students in courses that do not focus as heavily on ethics or values.

Question 13

In dialectical thought, a _____ implies a _____ and the integration of these occurs within the _____.

Accepted Answer

In dialectical thought, the thesis is the initial idea or belief, which then faces opposition in the form of an antithesis. Through the process of synthesis, the two opposing ideas are integrated into a new and more complex understanding or belief. Therefore, the correct order is thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.

Question 14

Which factor is likely to be most influential with respect to Greta's views on divorce?

Accepted Answer

Culture is likely to be the most influential factor in shaping one's views on divorce. Different cultures have different beliefs and norms regarding marriage and divorce, which can significantly impact a person's attitudes towards divorce. Greta's individual traits such as intelligence, income, and gender may also play a role, but culture is likely to have the most significant impact on her views.

Question 15

Every night Sam says extra prayers to God so that he has prayers "in the bank." Due to his extra prayers Sam believes God will reward him in life rather than punish him. Sam is in what stage of faith?

Accepted Answer

Sam's belief that extra prayers will lead to a reward from God is characteristic of the mythic-literal stage of faith. This stage is often seen in children and involves a literal interpretation of religious teachings and a belief in concrete rewards and punishments from a higher power.

Question 16

Michelle begins an essay for her composition class by saying that knowing the truth sets people free. In her next paragraph, she explains that knowing the truth often involves learning about limitations and constraints on freedom. In her third paragraph, Michelle integrates these two perspectives. Michelle's essay demonstrates _____.

Accepted Answer

Michelle's essay demonstrates dialectical thinking, which involves holding seemingly contradictory perspectives and integrating them to create a more nuanced understanding.

Question 17

During emerging adulthood, religious service attendance becomes _____ frequent and the development of religious convictions become _____ frequent.

Accepted Answer

During emerging adulthood, individuals often attend religious services less frequently due to lifestyle changes and increased independence, but they may explore and develop their own religious convictions more deeply.

Question 18

Research indicates that the process of moral thinking _____.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that moral thinking tends to improve with age and experience. As people grow older, they become better at reasoning, considering different perspectives, and weighing potential consequences before making moral judgments.

Question 19

Kimberly broke up with Houng after dating him for two years. Heartbroken, Houng asked why. Kimberly replied, "It's me, not you. I'm to blame." Kimberly's response is an example of what kind of thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kimberly broke up with Houng after dating...

Question 20

In general, DIT scores that assess moral thinking _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that DIT scores tend to rise with age, indicating an increased ability to think more complexly about moral issues. This is known as the "maturity principle."

Quiz 18: Seciton 3: Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development