Question 1

Several researchers have compared parent-child relationships in Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia and have found that in all three places, parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents, reducing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents and reduce the risk of depression, low self-esteem, and suicide, but it does not mention anything about reducing the risk of obesity. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 2

Barrett is serving a 2-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether or not to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Barrett's current status is identity _____.

Accepted Answer

Barrett is currently in a state of moratorium, which is the period of exploring different options and possibilities without committing to any particular identity. As he has not yet made the decision to attend college or choose a career or family, he is still in the exploration phase.

Question 3

Which are two of the aspects of family closeness during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Support and connectedness are key aspects of family closeness during adolescence, as they help maintain strong family bonds while allowing adolescents to develop their own identities.

Question 4

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

Accepted Answer

Erikson identified four aspects of identity: political, vocational, religious/philosophical, and sexual.

Question 5

Which type of parenting can "boomerang," resulting in adolescents who learn to deceive their parents?

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parenting, which is characterized by strict rules and punishments, can result in adolescents who feel compelled to deceive their parents in order to avoid harsh consequences. This type of parenting can create an environment of fear where children may not feel comfortable being honest with their parents.

Question 6

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

Accepted Answer

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years is a normal part of the developmental process and can indicate a healthy family that is adjusting to new roles and boundaries.

Question 7

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between _____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the most frequent and intense conflicts in typical parent-child relationships occur between mothers and daughters. This may be due to similarities in personality and temperament, as well as the high levels of involvement and emotional intensity in the mother-daughter relationship.

Question 8

Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alex has decided to pursue a career...

Question 9

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school. While they may earn more money, they also report higher levels of stress and poorer mental health. It is important for adolescents to prioritize their education and personal development during these formative years.

Question 10

Which type of parenting is most effective during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, children are seeking more independence but still need guidance and support from their parents. Authoritative parenting strikes a balance between setting clear boundaries and rules while also valuing their child's input and independence. This approach can foster a positive relationship between parent and child, while also promoting the development of autonomy and responsibility in the adolescent. Neglectful parenting is obviously not effective, while authoritarian parenting tends to be too strict and can make the adolescent feel resentful or rebellious. Permissive parenting may feel supportive initially, but lack of clear boundaries can lead to problems with discipline and poor decision-making.

Question 11

Shortly after Brittany turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. What contributed to her change in attitude?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shortly after Brittany turned 18, she developed...

Question 12

Bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

Personal habits and dress are common sources of conflict between parents and adolescents. Differences in values and beliefs may also contribute to bickering, but religious beliefs are not necessarily the most common source of conflict. Bickering is a normal part of adolescent development and does not necessarily indicate pathology in the family. While conflicts may increase during the teenage years, they may also decrease as adolescents develop increased autonomy and independence.

Question 13

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____.

Accepted Answer

Enrique's belief about the appropriate roles and behaviors for males and females in terms of dating and asking someone out reflects his gender identity, which is his internal sense of being male. It does not necessarily reflect his sexual orientation (which refers to his attraction to others' gender identity) or his physical sex.

Question 14

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their _____ identity.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to the extent to which a person identifies as masculine or feminine. It is a social construct that defines what is considered appropriate behavior and roles for males and females in a given society. Ethnic identity refers to a sense of attachment or identification with a particular ethnic group. Heterosexual identity refers to a person's sexual orientation toward the opposite sex. Foreclosed identity refers to a person who has accepted his or her identity without exploration.

Question 15

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of bickering, which is a type of conflict that involves arguing and disagreeing in a petty or persistent manner.

Question 16

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in _____.

Accepted Answer

According to research, parent-child conflict is most common during early adolescence (ages 12-15) due to the developmental changes in the adolescent brain and increased desire for independence.

Question 17

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

Accepted Answer

The statement "A man should be the primary wage earner" is an example of a gender role, as it is a societal expectation of how men should behave and what their role should be in regards to finances.

Question 18

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up.

Accepted Answer

According to research, only a few adolescents reject the religion in which they have grown up.

Question 19

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job.

Accepted Answer

Vocational identity, or the sense of who one is and what one wants to do professionally, often takes a long time to establish. It requires gaining experience and developing specific skills, which can only be learned through on-the-job training. This process can take years before one feels confident and competent in their chosen field.

Question 20

Gender refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the cultural or social attributes of being male or female, such as norms, behaviors, and roles. Biological characteristics, such as sex organs and chromosomes, belong to sex rather than gender. Homophobia refers to prejudice or discrimination against individuals who identify as homosexual. Sexual orientation is distinct from gender and refers to a person's romantic and sexual attraction to others.

Quiz 16: Seciton 3: Adolescence: Psychosocial Development