Question 1

In every culture studied so far, the most common classification of attachment is
A) secure attachment.
B) insecure resistant attachment.
C) disorganized attachment.
D) insecure avoidant attachment.

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is consistently the most common classification of attachment in all cultures studied. This type of attachment is characterized by a sense of security and trust in the caregiver, and a child who feels comfortable exploring their environment while periodically returning to the caregiver for reassurance.

Question 2

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?
A) tina, a baby who is securely attached to her caregiver
B) henry, who is an insecure resistant baby
C) clara, who is an insecure disorganized baby
D) tobias, a baby who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiver

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation categorizes infants as securely attached, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant, or insecure-disorganized. Disorientation occurs in the insecure-disorganized attachment category, which according to the options is only represented by Clara. The other babies are categorized as securely attached (A), insecure-resistant (B), or insecure-avoidant (D).

Question 3

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being
A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure antisocial.

Accepted Answer

Latoya's behavior of ignoring her mother, showing no signs of distress when she left, and not seeking her out upon her return are all indicators of insecure avoidant attachment. Children with this attachment style tend to avoid close contact with their caregiver and do not seek comfort or support from them.

Question 4

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being
A) securely attached.
B) trusting attached.
C) agape-love attached.
D) solidly attached.

Accepted Answer

Jermaine's behavior of using his mother as a "safe base" while actively exploring the playroom indicates that he has a secure attachment style. Mary Ainsworth identified this as a healthy and desirable attachment style, indicating that Jermaine feels secure in his attachment to his mother and is comfortable exploring new environments knowing that she is nearby and available if he needs her.

Question 5

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being
A) resistant.
B) avoidant.
C) attached.
D) disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Austin's strong patterns of both avoidance and resistance, as well as extreme fearfulness around the caregiver, suggest disorganized attachment. Disorganized attachment is characterized by contradictory and confusing behaviors towards the caregiver, and is often associated with parental trauma or abuse.

Question 6

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is
A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Elaine's behavior indicates an insecure resistant attachment style, characterized by ambivalence towards the caregiver. She shows distress when put down (indicating a desire for closeness) but resists comfort when picked up, reflecting a mix of seeking and resisting intimacy typical of this attachment style.

Question 7

Andy showed secure attachment as an early infant, and now he is in his early childhood. Which of the following would we expect to see from Andy?
A) increased social competence with peers
B) greater intelligence than his peers
C) increased social anxiety
D) increased aggression with his peers

Accepted Answer

Children who develop secure attachments in infancy are more likely to exhibit positive social behaviors and be socially competent with peers in early childhood. Research suggests that secure attachment provides a foundation for children's social and emotional development, including their ability to understand and regulate their own emotions, empathize with others, and establish positive relationships with peers. Therefore, we would expect Andy to display increased social competence with peers.

Question 8

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because
A) it is a controlled, artificial situation.
B) there is too little control of contextual factors in it.
C) its information is biased by observers' impressions.
D) as a measure of attachment, it may be culturally biased.

Accepted Answer

As a measure of attachment, the Strange Situation may be culturally biased and not reflect important differences among infants from different cultural backgrounds.

Question 9

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to
A) crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her caregiver and a stranger waiting on the other side.
B) move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her caregiver and a stranger.
C) experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
D) choose between his or her mother and father in a strange situation.

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with the infant's caregiver and a stranger. This measure is used to assess the quality of attachment between the infant and the caregiver. The infant's reactions to the introductions, separations, and reunions are observed and used to categorize their attachment style. Option A is incorrect as it describes an unrelated activity. Option C is incorrect as the loud noises would not be appropriate for evaluating attachment, and Option D is incorrect as it presents a binary choice between the mother and father, which is not relevant to attachment.

Question 10

In the Strange Situation, Cameron did not explore the playroom, clung to his mother when she was in the room, and was very upset when she left the room. When she returned, he appeared to be ambivalent-wanting to be comforted by his mother but pushing her away when she attempted to do so. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as being
A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Cameron exhibiting behavior of reluctance to explore, clinging to his mother and being highly upset when she left the room are all characteristics of insecure-resistant attachment. His ambivalence towards his mother's attempts to comfort him when she returned is also a sign of insecurity.

Question 11

Jeremy is a securely attached infant, while Jason is an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is true?
A) There will be no differences in their social functioning by age eight.
B) Jeremy is likely to have more learning difficulties in elementary school than Jason.
C) Jeremy is likely to be more shy and withdrawn than Jason.
D) Jeremy is likely to have more self-confidence than Jason.

Accepted Answer

Securely attached infants, like Jeremy, tend to have higher self-esteem and more positive self-concepts later in life compared to insecure infants, like Jason. This is because the responsive and nurturing care they received as infants provided a secure base for them to explore the world and develop a sense of trust in others. In contrast, insecure infants may struggle with self-doubt and have difficulty forming relationships as they grow older. However, it is important to note that individual differences and other factors can also influence later functioning, so it is not a guarantee that Jeremy will have more self-confidence than Jason in every situation.

Question 12

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then he continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as being
A) securely attached.
B) insecure disorganized.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure avoidant.

Accepted Answer

Quentin's response of mild distress upon separation combined with happiness and ease upon reunion, followed by continued exploration and play, is characteristic of a child with a secure attachment to their caregiver. This suggests that Quentin is confident in his caregiver's availability and responsiveness, and is able to use her as a secure base from which to explore his environment.

Question 13

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.
A) external working
B) internal working
C) external passive
D) internal passive

Accepted Answer

Bowlby proposed that infants develop an internal working model of attachment based on their early experiences with caregivers. This model guides their expectations and behaviors in future relationships.

Question 14

Insecure avoidant babies show
A) displeasure by violently reacting to the situation.
B) insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
C) secure attachment to the caregiver.
D) insecurity by avoiding the stranger.

Accepted Answer

Insecure avoidant babies show insecurity by avoiding the caregiver. They often do not seek comfort or support from their caregiver and may show little to no emotion when the caregiver leaves or returns. They may also actively avoid the caregiver when they return, showing no desire to be picked up or comforted.

Question 15

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as
A) being independent.
B) deserving of nurturant care.
C) deserving of constant attention.
D) being helpless.

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby states that infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as deserving of nurturant care. This means that infants believe they deserve to be cared for and nurtured by their caregiver. Option A is incorrect because infants do not perceive themselves as being independent, but rather as needing the care and support of their caregiver. Option C is incorrect because while infants do need attention, they do not necessarily perceive themselves as deserving of constant attention. Option D is incorrect because while infants are dependent on their caregiver, they do not necessarily perceive themselves as helpless.

Question 16

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as being
A) insecurely attached.
B) extremely inhibited.
C) securely attached.
D) difficult.

Accepted Answer

Mariposa shows signs of secure attachment as she feels secure enough to move away from her mother but still keeps her in her line of sight to ensure her safety. This behavior indicates that she trusts her mother and feels secure in their relationship.

Question 17

Parker is in the Strange Situation, where he shows little interaction with his caregiver. He isn't distressed upon separation and does not reestablish contact upon reunion. He would be classified as being
A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Parker's lack of interaction with his caregiver, lack of distress upon separation, and lack of willingness to seek contact upon reunion suggest that he has developed an insecure avoidant attachment style. This style is characterized by a lack of trust and emotional aloofness towards the caregiver.

Question 18

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it. He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room. He would be classified as being
A) insecure resistant.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) securely attached.
D) insecure disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Diego is using the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore, indicating that he trusts the caregiver and feels secure in their presence. Therefore, he would be classified as securely attached.

Question 19

Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as being
A) securely attached.
B) insecure disorganized.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure avoidant.

Accepted Answer

Natalie's behavior of clinging anxiously to her caregiver and not exploring the playroom suggests that she is exhibiting insecure resistant attachment, which is characterized by anxiety and ambivalence towards the caregiver's availability and responsiveness. Securely attached children explore the playroom, use the caregiver as a secure base to return to, and show distress when the caregiver leaves. Insecure disorganized children show a lack of coherent or organized strategy for dealing with the strange situation, such as freezing or contradictory behavior. Insecure avoidant children avoid the caregiver and show little distress when separated, as they have learned to suppress their attachment needs.

Question 20

Tiara is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed, confused, and fearful. She would most likely be classified as being
A) insecure avoidant.
B) insecure disorganized.
C) insecure resistant.
D) securely attached.

Accepted Answer

Tiara's behavior of being dazed, confused, and fearful is a characteristic of the insecure-disorganized attachment style. This style is seen in children who have experienced trauma or abuse and have inconsistent caregivers. Tiara's behavior suggests that she is struggling to develop a clear pattern of behavior towards her caregiver(s) and is unsure how to behave in the Strange Situation.

Quiz 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

In every culture studied so far, the most common classification of attachment is

According to the Strange Situation created by Mary Ainsworth, which of the following babies would appear disoriented?

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being

In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being

Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being

When put on the floor to play, baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held. When her mother picks her up though, Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away. Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is

Andy showed secure attachment as an early infant, and now he is in his early childhood. Which of the following would we expect to see from Andy?

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to

Jeremy is a securely attached infant, while Jason is an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is true?

In the Strange Situation, Quentin cries mildly when his caregiver departs. However, he is happy upon reunion, and then he continues to explore once the caregiver has returned. He would be classified as being

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.

Insecure avoidant babies show

According to John Bowlby, infants' internal working model of attachment includes a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as

Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as being

Parker is in the Strange Situation, where he shows little interaction with his caregiver. He isn't distressed upon separation and does not reestablish contact upon reunion. He would be classified as being

Diego is in the Strange Situation with his caregiver; he explores the room and examines the toys that have been placed in it. He uses the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the room. He would be classified as being

Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as being

Tiara is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed, confused, and fearful. She would most likely be classified as being